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Biology > Chapter 12 And 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 And 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Discovered DNA stores and transfers genetic info

A

Avery

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1
Q

Showed genetic info passes from one cell to another

A

Griffith

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2
Q

Confirmed genetic material is DNA

A

Hershey and chase

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3
Q

Showed DNA as a double helix

A

Franklin

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4
Q

Built first model of DNA

A

Watson and crick

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5
Q

Chargiff’s rule

A

A=T G=C

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6
Q

Building block of DNA

A

Nucleotide

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7
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide

A

Deoxyribose sugar. Phosphate group. Nitrogen bases

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8
Q

2 categories of nitrogen bases

A

Purines and pyrimidines

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9
Q

2 purines

A

Adenine guanine

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10
Q

2 pyrimidines

A

Thymine and cytosine

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11
Q

Shape of DNA

A

Double helix twisted ladder

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12
Q

Make up sides of DNA ladder

A

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

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13
Q

Holds nitrogen bases together

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

Where nitrogen bases branch from sides of ladder

A

Deoxyribose

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15
Q

Base pairing rule

A

Adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine

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16
Q

The process by which DNA is copied

A

DNA replication

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17
Q

Step 1 of DNA replication

A

DNA double helix unwinds

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18
Q

Step 2

A

Enzymes break hydrogen bonds separating DNA into 2

19
Q

Step 3

A

Each 1/2 serves as a template for new complimentary strand

20
Q

Step 4

A

Free nucleotide match to halves by an enzyme called DNA polymerase

21
Q

Step 5

A

2 identical DNAs are formed

22
Q

Problems when cell is too big

A

Difficult to transport nutrients and wastes

23
Q

Initiates cell division

A

The nucleus

24
Q

Longest part of the cell cycle

A

Interphase 90%

25
Q

3 steps of interphase

A

G1 S G2

26
Q

Cell grows DNA is chromatin

A

G1

27
Q

When DNA replication occurs

A

S

28
Q

Sister chromatids

A

2 identical lengths of DNA

29
Q

Centromeres

A

Holds chromatin together

30
Q

When organelles replicate

A

G2

31
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear division

32
Q

4 phases of mitosis

A

Prophase metaphase Anaphase telophase

33
Q

Difference in plant and animal cells

A

Animal- centrioles

34
Q

When spindle forms chromosomes are visible as sister chromatids nuclear membrane disappears

A

Prophase

35
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

36
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromeres split and chromosomes travel 2 opposite poles

37
Q

When chromosomes spread out spindle disappears. Nucleotide reappears

A

Telophase

38
Q

Forms 2 new nuclear membranes

A

ER

39
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm

40
Q

Cytokinesis in animals

A

Cytoplasm pinched together

41
Q

Cytokinesis in plants

A

Cell plate forms that becomes cell wall

42
Q

Protein that regulates timing of cell cycle

A

Cyclins

43
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrollable growth of the cell resulting in tumors

44
Q

Damaged caused by cancer

A

Damage surrounding tissue. Break loose and to spread to other parts of the body. Disrupt normal cell activities

45
Q

Defective gene

A

Halts the cell cycle

46
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that can differentiate

Biology (6 decks)

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