Chapter 7 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the most abundant class of biological molecules (by mass)?
Carbohydrates.
How do carbohydrates comunicate?
With cell-cell recognition interaction.
Certain monosaccharides are key factors as links between biochemical processes like _______ and ___________.
ribose sugar; glyceraldehyde
How are carbohydrates classified?
Based on # of carbons (and whether it has aldehyde or
ketone group).
What is Monosaccharide?
Empirical formula? Ex.?
simplest carbohydrate; (CH2O)n, n = 3-9 (5-6 common); glucose, fructose
What is a Oligosaccharide? Give examples.
Carbohydrate that contain 3-10 monosaccharide units bonded to each other via glycosidic linkages; raffinose, stachyose
What is a Disaccharide? Give examples.
condensation of two monosaccharides (glycosidic bond), often C1-C4 of two monomers; lactose, maltose, sucrose
What is a Polysaccharide? Give examples.
Condensation products >20 monosaccharides, may be linear or branched; starches and dextrins
Why does Oligo- and polysaccharides don’t have the empirical formula (CH2O)n?
Because of the loss of water during polymerization.
Which carbon is the most oxidized for aldose? For ketose?
C-1; C-2
What are Epimers?
Stereoisomers that differ in configuration at only one chiral center.
Give 4 examples of epimers.
D-ribose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose
Give one example of natural sweetener and one example of synthetic sweetener.
Sucrose is an example of a natural sweetener and sucralose is an example of a synthetic sweetener.
What is the difference between alpha D-Glucose and beta D-glucose?
In alpha, -OH group on carbon 1 has a trans configuration relative to -CH2OH (on the same side) relative to CH2OH group. While beta is cis.
List 4 examples of reducing sugars.
glucose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose
