Chapter 7: Biotechnology Flashcards
Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?
- anemia
- blindness
- severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
- blood doping
- diabetes
blindness
Recombinant human ____________________ is the chemical at the center of the “blood doping” scandals in professional cycling.
- aldehyde dehydrogenase
- dopamine
- insulin
- growth hormone (HGH)
- erythropoietin (EPO)
erythropoietin (EPO)
The loss of genetic diversity in crop plants can become disastrous. The Irish Potato Famine is an example of this problem. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the Irish Potato Famine?
- The potato originated in Ireland.
- Most of the potatoes in Ireland were genetically the same.
- When the crops were infected by a rot-causing mold, all of the potato plants were susceptible and most were wiped out.
- Most of the potatoes in Ireland were propagated from cuttings of the same plant.
- In the mid-1800s, much of the population of Ireland depended on potatoes.
The potato originated in Ireland
How are plasmids used in producing recombinant proteins?
- They are used to transfer foreign genes into bacteria.
- Plasmids include their own genes for DNA polymerase. Because of that, they can copy themselves once they are inserted into the cytoplasm of any organism’s cells.
- Since plasmids are composed of RNA they only need to be translated, not transcribed, shortening the time needed to express a recombinant gene.
- all the above
all the above
Golden rice:
- could help the 250,000 children each year who are at risk of blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.
- is an example of organic farming.
- supplies more vitamin A in one serving than an individual needs in a full week.
- can make vitamin A without beta-carotene.
- grows without a husk, thereby reducing the processing required before it can be consumed.
could help the 250,000 children each year who are at risk of blindness due to vitamin A deficiency
Which of the following acts as a carrier of foreign DNA to be inserted into a cell?
- Restriction Enzymes
- ATP
- Plasmid
- DNA Polymerase
Plasmid
During DNA gel electrophoresis, what about the DNA fragment determines how far through the gel it will travel in a certain amount of time?
- its charge
- its nucleotide sequence
- the cell type from which it originated
- its size
- the organism from which it originated
its size
Which of the following is a problem associated with somatic cell gene therapy?
1.It can be hard to get enough cells affected to have an actual effect on the patient’s body.
2. It is not easy to actually get the gene to work properly in the target cell’s of the patient.
3. Sometimes the gene can get into unintended cells.
4. all the above
all the above
Bacteria use restriction enzymes to:
- destroy foreign protein.
- synthesize RNA.
- synthesize DNA.
- destroy foreign DNA.
- synthesize protein.
destroy foreign DNA
One of the most well-known examples of successful cloning is:
- Dolly the sheep
- golden rice
- Bt corn
- polymerase chain reaction
- salmon that are larger than their wild counterparts
Dolly the sheep
You’re working on a farm which has produced a cloned cow named Dora. She was generated by fusing a mammary gland cell from a cow named Betty with an egg cell, from which the nucleus had been removed, from a cow named Abby. To which other cow will Dora be genetically identical?
- Abby, who donated her egg cell.
- Betty, who donated her mammary gland cell.
- Neither Abby nor Betty, but a 50:50 mix of both.
- She would be no more similar to Abby and Betty than she would be to any cow of her breed.
Betty, who donated her mammary gland cell
What is “golden rice”?
- Rice that has genes taken from it for use in other organisms. These genes produce vitamin A.
- Rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce gold.
- Rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce beta-carotene.
- Rice that has genes taken from it for use in other organisms. These genes produce beta-carotene.
- Rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce vitamin B.
Rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce beta-carotene
Which of the following are NOT one of the four commonly used tools of biotechnology?
- Amplify small samples of DNA into more useful quantities.
- Chop up DNA from a donor species that exhibits a trait of interest.
- Insert pieces of DNA into vectors (plasmids or viruses).
- Determination of the sequence of amino acids in a protein to determine which DNA sequence (gene) was the code for that protein.
Determination of the sequence of amino acids in a protein to determine which DNA sequence (gene) was the code for that protein
How does Cas9 know where to cut DNA?
- Scientists are able to program Cas9 to remove a specific sequence of bases.
- An RNA segment, complementary to the target, is inserted into the cell and leads Cas9 to the target
- Different versions of Cas9 have been designed to make cuts at four different base-pair sequences.
- The DNA to be inserted leads Cas9 to the appropriate location.
- The plasmid carrying the Cas9 sequence also includes a chaperone protein to lead Cas9 to the target.
An RNA segment, complementary to the target, is inserted into the cell and leads Cas9 to the target
What is the role of DNA Polymerase in PCR?
- DNA Polymerase pulls the two strands of the DNA molecule apart from each other so that each strand may be copied, forming two new copies from the original double-stranded DNA molecule.
- DNA Polymerase matches free RNA nucleotides with their complementary bases on each of the single strands and forms a new single RNA strand across from each original DNA strand.
- DNA Polymerase forms new free RNA nucleotide building blocks from smaller molecules. The constant formation of new nucleotides in the PCR reaction is necessary because they are rapidly used to form the new RNA copies being made.
- DNA Polymerase matches free DNA nucleotides with their complementary bases on each of the single strands and forms a new single DNA strand across from each original DNA strand.
- DNA Polymerase forms new free RNA nucleotide building blocks from smaller molecules. The constant formation of new nucleotides in the PCR reaction is necessary because they are rapidly used to form the new DNA copies being made.
DNA Polymerase matches free DNA nucleotides with their complementary bases on each of the single strands and forms a new single DNA strand across from each original DNA strand
