Chapter 4: Cells

Question 1

The organelle in the figure is found in:
(Mitochondria)
1. animals only.
2. plants only.
3. plants, animals, and bacteria.
4. plants and animals.
5. bacteria only.

Answer 1

plants, animals, and bacteria

Question 2

Any given eukaryotic cell could contain all of the following EXCEPT:
1. nucleus
2. DNA in the form of a loop
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4. chloroplasts
5. cell walls made of cellulose

Answer 2

DNA in the form of a loop

Question 3

Which cellular structure makes it possible for the inside of a cell to differ in solute concentrations from its surroundings?:
1. nucleolus
2. nucleus
3. plasma membrane
4. cell wall
5. endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

The passive transport of water across a membrane from a solution of lower-solute concentration to a solution of higher-solute concentration is best described as:
1. active transport
2. general diffusion.
3. osmosis
4. passive transport
5. facilitated diffusion.

Answer 4

osmosis

Question 5

The movement of H+ ions into the stomach represented in this figure is accomplished through: (low concentration of molecules to high)
1. osmosis.
2. simple diffusion.
3. endocytosis.
4. active transport
5. facilitated diffusion.

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

What cell type in animals has a flagellum?
1. the hair follicle
2. the sperm cell
3. the ovum
4. liver cells
5. kidney cells

Answer 6

the sperm cell

Question 7

Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?
1. nucleus
2. few to no organelles in the cytoplasm
3. cell wall
4. nucleoid
5. chloroplasts

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

The largest structure in a eukaryotic cell is the ____________ and it is surrounded by ______ membranes.
1. mitochondrion; two
2. nucleus; one
3. mitochondrion; one
4. Golgi apparatus; one
5. nucleus; two

Answer 8

nucleus; two

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an important structural feature of the surface membrane of an animal cell?

1. lipid bilayer
2. cholesterol
3. cell wall
4. glycoproteins
5. sugar molecules

Answer 9

cell wall

Question 10

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, the origin of chloroplasts probably involved:
1. the formation of cell walls around the photosynthetic pigments.
2. the formation of colonies of cyanobacteria.
3. the engulfing of small photosynthetic prokaryotes by larger cells.
4. the accumulation of free oxygen in ocean waters.
5. All of the above are correct.

Answer 10

the engulfing of small photosynthetic prokaryotes by larger cells

Question 11

Although cells tend to be spherical, several factors influence cells to assume other shapes. Which of the following is NOT such a factor?

1. cell walls
2. the cytoskeleton
3. pressure from neighboring cells
4. the number of mitochondria
5. structural filaments within the cells

Answer 11

the number of mitochondria

Question 12

The net movement of molecules from a high concentration of a substance to a lower concentration of a substance is best described as:

1. active transport.
2. passive enthalpy.
3. diffusion.
4. enthalpy.
5. moving against its concentration gradient.

Answer 12

diffusion

Question 13

Active transport refers to the moving of molecules from areas of _____ concentration to those of _____ concentration across the membrane.

1. low; high
2. high; low
3. entropy; enthalpy
4. enthalpy; entropy
5. equal; the same

Answer 13

low; high

Question 14

What is the main function of the nucleolus?

1. It is the site where ribosomes are made.
2. It produces cell adhesion proteins that are then exported to the cell membrane.
3. It is the site of photosynthesis in photosynthetic cells.
4. It produces enzymes that are then exported to the lysosomes.
5. Its function is not yet known.

Answer 14

It is the site where ribosomes are made.

Question 15

A bacterial cell is more likely to be _____ than one of my cells and _____.

1. simpler; much larger
2. more complex; much smaller
3. simpler; much smaller
4. more complex; much larger
5. None of the above.

Answer 15

simpler; much smaller

Question 16

To absorb large particles, cells engulf them within their plasma membrane in a process called:

1. replication
2. exocytosis
3. endocytosis
4. transcription
5. translation.

Answer 16

endocytosis

Question 17

The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules in and out of cells—transport is directional and selective. The moving of molecules from areas of high concentration to those of low concentration:

1. channel-mediated active transport diffusion.
2. electron transport.
3. active transport.
4. inactivated transport
5. passive transport.

Answer 17

passive transport

Question 18

In aquatic environments, water moves _____________ without expending energy.

1. down the water-concentration scale
2. against the water-concentration gradient
3. up the water-concentration scale
4. down the water-concentration gradient
5. up the water-concentration gradient

Answer 18

down the water-concentration gradient

Question 19

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?

1. vacuoles and the endoplasmic reticulum
2. ribosomes and lysosomes
3. mitochondria and chloroplasts
4. the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus
5. All organelles are enclosed by a double membrane.

Answer 19

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 20

Which of the following facts supports the claim that mitochondria developed from two bacteria species that were long ago merged into the first eukaryotic cell?

1. Mitochondria have proteins for the synthesis of ATP.
2. Mitochondria have their own DNA.
3. Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell.
4. Mitochondria have flagella for motion.
5. Mitochondria are small and easily transported across the membrane.

Answer 20

Mitochondria have their own DNA