Chapter 5: Energy and Cell Respiration

Question 1

Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of:

1. low glucose levels.
2. high oxygen concentrations.
3. low methane concentrations.
4. low oxygen concentrations.
5. high temperatures.

Answer 1

low oxygen concentrations

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT macromolecules that can be broken down in the body and used to produce ATP?

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. fats
4. vitamins

Answer 2

vitamins

Question 3

When you exercise strenuously, your muscle cells are able temporarily to extract energy from food in the absence of oxygen. Which of the following is the metabolic pathway that CAN occur during this time of anaerobic respiration?

1. glycolysis
2. the Citric Acid cycle
3. electron transport system
4. production of ATP by ATP synthase

Answer 3

glycolysis

Question 4

Which of the following processes will occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?

1. Krebs cycle
2. aerobic cellular respiration
3. glycolysis
4. electron transport chain

Question 5

In cellular respiration:

a. energy-rich carbohydrate molecules are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

b. energy-rich fat molecules are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.
Incorrect Response
c. energy-rich sugar molecules are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

d. energy-rich carbohydrate molecules are oxidized to carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Correct Answer

e. a), b), and c) are correct.

Answer 5

a), b), and c) are correct

Question 6

Energy is required to make ATP from ADP on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. What is the most immediate source of this energy?

1. the Calvin cycle
2. the Citric Acid cycle
3. the electron transport chain
4. the flow of H+ ions through ATP synthase

Answer 6

the flow of H+ ions through ATP synthase

Question 7

What is the source of chemical energy used to power a muscle cell in your arm?

1. adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
2. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
4. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

Answer 7

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 8

Which of the following processes creates the most ATP per glucose molecule metabolized?

1. glycolysis
2. fermentation
3. photorespiration
4. aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 8

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 9

What is the fate of an ATP molecule in a cell that has released a phosphate?

1. It has become AMP and is recycled into proteins.
2. It has become ADP and is recycled by phosphorylation.
3. It’s converted into lactic acid and transported to the liver for disposal.
4. It’s secreted in urine as a waste product of cellular respiration.

Answer 9

It has become ADP and is recycled by phosphorylation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a process of aerobic respiration?

1. glycolysis
2. acetyl Co-A formation
3. lactic acid fermentation
4. Krebs cycle

Answer 10

lactic acid fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is INCORRECT?

1. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
2. It requires oxygen.
3. It results in the break down of glucose.
4. It generates ATP.
5. It leads to the formation of pyruvate.

Answer 11

It requires oxygen

Question 12

Which of the following occurs inside the mitochondria?

1. glycolysis
2. fermentation
3. electron transport chain
4. glycolytic crab cycle

Answer 12

electron transport chain

Question 13

In your body, when energy is released from the breakdown of a molecule such as glucose:

1. adenosine monophosphate is created.
2. some of the energy may be harnessed by building the high-energy bonds that attach phosphate groups to ADP.
3. molecules of ATP are required to capture the heat generated by the reaction.
4. all of the energy is lost as heat.
5. adenosine diphosphate is created.

Answer 13

some of the energy may be harnessed by building the high-energy bonds that attach phosphate groups to ADP

Question 14

The complex chemical reaction pathways in cellular respiration (and photosynthesis) are able to occur at a rate rapid enough to keep organisms alive. What are the molecules that catalyze (directly enable) these reactions so that they take place quickly?

1. phospholipids
2. minerals
3. enzymes
4. vitamins

Answer 14

enzymes

Question 15

Which of the following ATP-generating processes is the only one that occurs in all living organisms?

1. the Krebs cycle
2. gluconeogenesis
3. glycolysis
4. photophosphorylation
5. None of the above. There are no energy-generating processes that occur in all living organisms.

Answer 15

glycolysis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about fermentation is NOT correct?

1. Fermentation is a less efficient energy producer than aerobic respiration.
2. Fermentation utilizes the electrons generated in the glycolytic breakdown of glucose.
3. Fermentation is an anaerobic process.
4. In fermentation, the molecules that are used as final electron acceptors differ from those used when glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
5. All of the above are correct.

Answer 16

All of the above are correct

Question 17

Examine the diagram of a mitochondrion below. Which structure represents where the electron transport system is located?
1 - outer mitochondrial membrane
2 - intermembrane space
3 - inner mitochondrial membrane
4 - matrix of the mitochondria

Answer 17

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration and burning fuel by fire is true?
1. Cellular respiration requires enzymes; burning fuel does not.
2. Both processes release energy slowly.
3. Fire burns only inorganic substances; cellular respiration burns only organic substances.
4. Both processes result in the production of ATP.

Answer 18

Cellular respiration requires enzymes; burning fuel does not

Question 19

An inherited disease results from abnormal mitochondria passed from mother to child. Using your knowledge of the function of mitochondria within human cells, which of the following is the most likely description of the symptoms of this disease?

1. extreme sensitivity to UV light, resulting in skin cancer at a very young age
2. fragile bones and arthritis
3. extreme muscle weakness
4. color blindness
5. inability to absorb iron, resulting in extreme anemia

Answer 19

extreme muscle weakness

Question 20

The generation of ATP by the movement of protons down their concentration gradient occurs in the:

a. mitochondria.
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticula.
d. nucleus.
e. a), b), and d) are correct.

Answer 20

mitochondria