chapter 7 (bioquest 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

cellular respiration (formula)

A

C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) –> (enzymatic action) 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + ATP

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2
Q

2 stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis and Aerobic Respiration

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3
Q

Glycolysis

A

takes place in the cytosol, converts glucose (6-carbon compound) into two 3-carbon compounds called pyruvic acid. 2ATP are also produced (2ATP go in and 4 come out). anaerobic process (no oxygen)

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4
Q

what happens after glycolysis (2 options)

A

fermentation (anaerobic) or aerobic respiration (aerobic)

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5
Q

fermentation (2 main types)

A

lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation

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6
Q

lactic acid fermentation

A

a hydrogen atom from NADH is transferred to pyruvic acid turning it into lactic acid (3-carbon molecule). In this process the NADH is turned into NAD+

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7
Q

Alcohol fermentation

A

CO(2) is removed from pyruvic acid, leaving a 2-carbon compound. 2 hydrogen atoms (from NADH) are added to the 2-carbon compound creating ethyl alcohol (2-carbon compound)

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8
Q

efficiency of glycolysis

A

energy required to make atp/energy released by oxidation of glucose = (2 x 7kcal/686 kcal) x 100 = 2%

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9
Q

Aerobic respiration (2 stages)

A

the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain

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10
Q

before the krebs cycle begins…

A

pyruvic acid diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix from the cytosol and reacts with a molecule called coenzyme A (CoA: a 2 carbon compound). CO(2) is given off

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11
Q

the krebs cycle

A
  • citric acid (6 carbon compound) breaks down into a 5-carbon compund
  • CO(2) is released
  • goes to make a 4-carbon compound (oxaloacetic acid)
  • picks up a 2-carbon compund (Acetyl CoA)
  • cycle begins agian
  • during cycle NAD+ –> NADH + H+
  • FAD –> FADH(2)
  • ADP –> ATP
  • 2ATP are formed in this cycle
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12
Q

electron transport chain

A
  • NADH and FADH(2) donate e- to chain
  • e- lose energy as they move along chain
  • energy is used to pump H+ from the matrix (causing a concentration and electrical gradient-potential energy source)
  • ATP synthase harnesses the potential energy source to undergo chemiosmosis and produce ATP
  • oxygen is the final electron and proton acceptor to make H(2)O
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13
Q

importance of oxygen in electron transport chain

A

oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons and protons to for H(2)O. w/o the final acceptor the electron transport chain will stop

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14
Q

cellular respiration total yield of ATP

A
glucose
Glycolysis
-->2NADH -->6ATP
-->2ATP
Pyruvic acid
-->2NADH -->6ATP
Krebs Cycle
-->6NADH -->18ATP
-->2FADH(2) -->4ATP
-->2ATP

Total: 38 ATP

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15
Q

Efficiency of Cellular Respiration

A

energy required to make ATP/energy released by oxidation of C(6)H(12)O(6)
= (38 x 7 keal/686 keal) x 100 = 39%

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