biology quest 7

Question 1

photosynthesis equation

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H2O –light energy–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

[self feeding] (plants) able to make own food from inorganic compounds

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

organisms that cannot make their own food (get energy from eating other food)

Question 4

photosynthesis definition

Answer 4

a biochemical pathway (complex series of reactions) to convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of carbs

Question 5

photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle

Answer 5

photosynthesis gives off O2 and carbs, which cellular respiration uses to make CO2 + H2O which is used by photosynthesis

Question 6

light dependent and independent reactions cycle

Answer 6

products of light dependent reactions serve as reactants for light independent reactions

Question 7

definition of light dependent reactions

Answer 7

light energy absorbed from the sun is converted into chemical energy which is temporarily stored as ATP and NADPH

Question 8

definition of light independent reactions

Answer 8

organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy from ATP and NADPH

Question 9

capturing light energy

Answer 9

happens in chloroplasts, light is captured by pigments (chlorophylls a and b and caroteroids)

Question 10

granum

Answer 10

individual thylakoid

Question 11

thylakoid

Answer 11

flattened membrane sac in cholorplast

Question 12

stroma

Answer 12

solution outside the thylakoid

Question 13

chlorophyl a

Answer 13

directly takes part in photosynthesis (absorbs less blue and more red light)

Question 14

chlorophyl b

Answer 14

accessory pigment- assists chlorophyl a (absorbs less red and more blue light)

Question 15

caroteroids

Answer 15

accessory pigments (absorbs green)

Question 16

NADPH reaction

Answer 16

water is split and O2 is released and 4 protons stay inside thylakoid and 4 electrons enter photosystem II, light energy is captured by photosystem II and excites electrons, electrons leave photosystem II and are received by an electron receptor protein and then donated to a series of electron transport proteins, the electrons lose energy along the way (the energy is used to transfer protons from the stroma to inside the thylakoid), electrons reach photosystem I and are re-energized, recieved by receptor protein and then transport protiens and are deposited to the side of the thylakoid facing the stroma, the electron binds NADP+ and a H+ proton to form NADPH

Question 17

ATP reaction

Answer 17

the distribution of protons creates a gradient in charge (potential energy source) an ATP synthase enzyme harnesses this potential energy source moving protons from inside the thylakoid to the stroma, this movement creates the energy that bonds ADP with a phosphate group to produce ATP

Question 18

calvin cycle

Answer 18

3 CO2 molecules bond with 3 RuBP molecules creating three 6-carbon molecules, the 6-carbon molecules are unstable and each split in to two 3-carbon molecules (six total), one 3-carbon molecule leaves the cycle and goes on to create carbs, and the other 3-carbon molecules are turned into RuBP and are re-used in the calvin cycle

Question 19

stomata

Answer 19

pores that open and close for the exchange of gases

Question 20

C-3 plants

Answer 20

use calvin cycle

Question 21

C-4 plants

Answer 21

use alternate pathway to fix carbon, are located in tropical places (ex: sugar cane, crab grass), close stomata during hottest parts of day to conserve moisture- lose only 1/2 as much water as C-3 plants to create same amt. of carbs

Question 22

CAM plants

Answer 22

alternate pathway, located in hot, dry places such as desert (ex: cactus, pineapple, jade) close stomata during day, only open at night, water conserving pathway, the plants grow slowly (use calvin cycle during day)

Question 23

intense sunlight

Answer 23

photosynthesis increases until max speed is reached

Question 24

high CO2 levels

Answer 24

photosynthesis increases until max speed is reached

Question 25

increasing temp

Answer 25

photosynthesis increases until a point and then decreases