bioquest 10

Question 1

Gregor Johann Mendel

Answer 1

was a monk and tended monastery gardens. grew many varieties of peas and noticed 7 different characteristics in a species of pea plant

Question 2

7 characteristics

Answer 2

flower position, flower color, plant height, seed color, seed texture, pod color, pod appearance

Question 3

flower position (2 different traits)

Answer 3

axial (long stem) and terminal (end)

Question 4

flower color (2 different traits)

Answer 4

purple and white

Question 5

plant height (2 different traits)

Answer 5

tall and short

Question 6

seed color (2 different traits)

Answer 6

green and yellow

Question 7

seed texture (2 different traits)

Answer 7

round and wrinkled

Question 8

pod color (2 different traits)

Answer 8

green and yellow

Question 9

pod appearance (2 different traits)

Answer 9

inflated and constricted

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

physical outcome looks like

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

actual genes from both parents (PP, Pp, pp)

Question 12

mendels experiment

Answer 12

noticed that purple color was dominant 3:1

Question 13

stigma

Answer 13

tip/top of ovary (female part)

Question 14

style

Answer 14

(~stem/tube) of ovary (female part)

Question 15

ovary

Answer 15

female part of flower

Question 16

ovule

Answer 16

inside ovary (female part)

Question 17

filament

Answer 17

(~stem) that connects to pollen (male part)

Question 18

anther

Answer 18

(~ball) holding pollen (male part)

Question 19

pollen

Answer 19

“sperm” of plant (male part)

Question 20

when pollination occurs

Answer 20

when pollen grains from the anther settle on the stigma (plants are able to self pollinate)

Question 21

cross pollination

Answer 21

when pollen from one plant settles on the stigma of another plant

Question 22

mendels first accomplishment

Answer 22

produced true breeders (pure for one color)- allowed the purple plants to self pollinate for several generations (these true breeders would be called the P/parent generation

Question 23

F1 generation

Answer 23

when mendel cross pollinated the purple true breeders with white plants it produced the F1 generation with all purple plants

Question 24

F2 generation

Answer 24

let the F1 generation self pollinate and the result is the F2 generation- with 3 purple and 1 white

Question 25

3 conclusions

Answer 25

dominant and recessive factors occur, law of segregation and law of independent assortment

Question 26

dominant

Answer 26

this characteristic/factor is the one that shows

Question 27

recessive

Answer 27

will always be masked my the dominant- only shows if paired with another recessive

Question 28

law of segregation

Answer 28

during the formation of gametes (sex cells) traits/chromosomes separate randomly

Question 29

law of independent assortment

Answer 29

not all traits will line up as follows: dominant with dominant and recessive with recessive

Question 30

homozygous

Answer 30

2 genes the same (ie: PP or pp)

Question 31

heterozygous

Answer 31

2 genes different (Pp)

Question 32

probability

Answer 32

the likelihood of an event happening (# of times an event is expected to happen/ the total # of times an event could happen)

Question 33

F1 genotype

Answer 33

all 4 Pp (purple)

Question 34

F2 genotype

Answer 34

1 PP, 2 Pp, 1 pp (3 purple 1 wht)

Question 35

homozygous x heterozygous

Answer 35

ratio outcome will always be 1:1 (half purple half wht)

Question 36

testcross

Answer 36

when an individual of an unknown genotype is crossed with an individual of a known genotype (recessive) in order to determine its genotype

Question 37

incomplete dominance

Answer 37

neither gene is dominant over the other– you will get a “blended” trait (ie: red and white = pink, tall and short = medium, and curly hair and straight hair = wavy hair)

Question 38

codominance

Answer 38

neither gene will dominate but both are equally strong and will show– ie) blood type (O, A, B, AB)

Question 39

dihybrid crosses

Answer 39

crossing 2 characteristics

Question 40

dihybrid homozygous x heterozygous cross outcome

Answer 40

all dominant (RrYy)

Question 41

dihybrid heterozygous x heterozygous cross outcome

Answer 41

9 completely dominant, 3 mixed and another 3 mixed, 1 completely recessive