bioquest 10 Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

Gregor Johann Mendel

A

was a monk and tended monastery gardens. grew many varieties of peas and noticed 7 different characteristics in a species of pea plant

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2
Q

7 characteristics

A

flower position, flower color, plant height, seed color, seed texture, pod color, pod appearance

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3
Q

flower position (2 different traits)

A

axial (long stem) and terminal (end)

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4
Q

flower color (2 different traits)

A

purple and white

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5
Q

plant height (2 different traits)

A

tall and short

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6
Q

seed color (2 different traits)

A

green and yellow

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7
Q

seed texture (2 different traits)

A

round and wrinkled

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8
Q

pod color (2 different traits)

A

green and yellow

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9
Q

pod appearance (2 different traits)

A

inflated and constricted

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10
Q

phenotype

A

physical outcome looks like

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11
Q

genotype

A

actual genes from both parents (PP, Pp, pp)

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12
Q

mendels experiment

A

noticed that purple color was dominant 3:1

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13
Q

stigma

A

tip/top of ovary (female part)

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14
Q

style

A

(~stem/tube) of ovary (female part)

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15
Q

ovary

A

female part of flower

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16
Q

ovule

A

inside ovary (female part)

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17
Q

filament

A

(~stem) that connects to pollen (male part)

18
Q

anther

A

(~ball) holding pollen (male part)

19
Q

pollen

A

“sperm” of plant (male part)

20
Q

when pollination occurs

A

when pollen grains from the anther settle on the stigma (plants are able to self pollinate)

21
Q

cross pollination

A

when pollen from one plant settles on the stigma of another plant

22
Q

mendels first accomplishment

A

produced true breeders (pure for one color)- allowed the purple plants to self pollinate for several generations (these true breeders would be called the P/parent generation

23
Q

F1 generation

A

when mendel cross pollinated the purple true breeders with white plants it produced the F1 generation with all purple plants

24
Q

F2 generation

A

let the F1 generation self pollinate and the result is the F2 generation- with 3 purple and 1 white

25
3 conclusions
dominant and recessive factors occur, law of segregation and law of independent assortment
26
dominant
this characteristic/factor is the one that shows
27
recessive
will always be masked my the dominant- only shows if paired with another recessive
28
law of segregation
during the formation of gametes (sex cells) traits/chromosomes separate randomly
29
law of independent assortment
not all traits will line up as follows: dominant with dominant and recessive with recessive
30
homozygous
2 genes the same (ie: PP or pp)
31
heterozygous
2 genes different (Pp)
32
probability
the likelihood of an event happening (# of times an event is expected to happen/ the total # of times an event could happen)
33
F1 genotype
all 4 Pp (purple)
34
F2 genotype
1 PP, 2 Pp, 1 pp (3 purple 1 wht)
35
homozygous x heterozygous
ratio outcome will always be 1:1 (half purple half wht)
36
testcross
when an individual of an unknown genotype is crossed with an individual of a known genotype (recessive) in order to determine its genotype
37
incomplete dominance
neither gene is dominant over the other-- you will get a "blended" trait (ie: red and white = pink, tall and short = medium, and curly hair and straight hair = wavy hair)
38
codominance
neither gene will dominate but both are equally strong and will show-- ie) blood type (O, A, B, AB)
39
dihybrid crosses
crossing 2 characteristics
40
dihybrid homozygous x heterozygous cross outcome
all dominant (RrYy)
41
dihybrid heterozygous x heterozygous cross outcome
9 completely dominant, 3 mixed and another 3 mixed, 1 completely recessive