biology quest 3

Question 1

2 types of compounds

Answer 1

organic and inorganic

Question 2

organic

Answer 2

are alive/once living, have carbon

Question 3

why is carbon unique?

Answer 3

it has the tendency to bond with itself

Question 4

C-C bonding

Answer 4

either single, double or triple bond (can bond in many shapes: straight chains, branched chains, ring structures, etc.)

Question 5

C-H bonding

Answer 5

H-C-C-C-C-H (H on top and bottom too)

Question 6

carbon has how many valence electrons?

Answer 6

4 (4 bonding sites)

Question 7

Hydrocarbons

Answer 7

fossil fuels

Question 8

4 functional groups (and definition)

Answer 8

Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate (atoms on a molecule that affect how the molecule reacts)

Question 9

Hydroxyl

Answer 9

R-OH (OH designates the molecule as an alcohol), polar

Question 10

like dissolves like

Answer 10

Polar dissolves polar (water is polar, so is glucose)

Non-polar dissolves non-polar

Question 11

Carboxyl

Answer 11

R-COOH (R-C-H with double bond O on top of C); has a polar end (OH)

Question 12

Amino

Answer 12

R-N(H2) (R-N-H with H bond below N); makes up amino acids)

Question 13

Phosphate

Answer 13

(H2)P(O4) (R-O-OH with double bond O on top of P and single bond OH below P)

Question 14

Large Carbon Molecules

Answer 14

long chains of molecules are made of small repeating subunits (types: monomer, polymer, macromolecule)

Question 15

monomer

Answer 15

ingle repeating subunits

Question 16

polymer

Answer 16

3 or more monomers linked together

Question 17

macromolecules

Answer 17

very large molecules (ie proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids)

Question 18

condensation/dehydration reaction

Answer 18

to make a polymer monomers bind and release water (H2)O in the process

Question 19

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 19

to break down polymers you ADD water (H2)O

Question 20

4 main classes of compounds

Answer 20

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 21

carbohydrates

Answer 21

made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, 2 types: disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 22

disaccharide

Answer 22

type of carb, has two sugars (ie plants store a polysaccharide called cellulose- fiber) (starchy plants such as potatoes store glucose)

Question 23

polysaccharide

Answer 23

type of carb, many sugars, animals store it in liver and muscles (glycogen)

Question 24

Proteins

Answer 24

made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen; make up amino acids (ie skin, hair, nails); has a specific structure with two functional groups (amino and carboxyl) (R-C-H with amino and carboxyl groups attached to C); aka peptides, condensation rxn when combined, hydrolysis rxn when broken down

Question 25

lipids (fats)

Answer 25

large non-polar molecules (don’t dissolve in water); higher ratio of Carbon and Hydrogen bonds to Oxygen bonds (store more energy b/c of more bonds); 5 types: fatty acids, tryglycerides, phospholipids, waxes and steroids

Question 26

fatty acids

Answer 26

(most common) type of lipid, long unbranched chains of carbon with a carboxyl group at end (1 polar end)

Question 27

hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic

Answer 27

polar vs. non-polar (water loving vs. water fearing)

Question 28

saturated molecules

Answer 28

have all single bonds, solid at room temp

Question 29

unsaturated molecules

Answer 29

have double and triple bonds too; liquid at room temp

Question 30

Tryglycerides

Answer 30

type of lipid, made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol, are saturated (ie butter, fats in red meat)

Question 31

phospholipids

Answer 31

type of lipid, have 2 fatty acids and a glycerol, there is a phosphate group on the third carbon of glycerol

Question 32

waxes

Answer 32

type of lipid, long fatty acid chain and long alcohol chain (serve as protection from microorganisms)

Question 33

Steroids

Answer 33

type of lipid, 4 fused rings of carbon with various functional groups attached, many can be hormones (testosterone, cholesterol)

Question 34

Nucleic Acids

Answer 34

large complex organic compounds, store and transfer genetic info two major types: DNA and RNA (has monomers, NUCLEOTIDES, ring structures of carbon, a PHOSPHATE group and a 5 CARBON SUGAR)