Chapter 7: Basic Experimental Designs

Question 1

This refers to how participants are allocated to the different groups in an experiment.

Answer 1

Experimental design.

Question 2

Its purpose is to minimize extraneous or uncontrolled variation.

Answer 2

Experimental design.

Question 3

This experimental design is where different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable.

This means that each condition of the experiment includes a different group of participants.

Answer 3

Independent measures design / between-groups design.

Question 4

These are used to form pairs of subjects that had equal or very similar scores.

Answer 4

Baseline scores.

Question 5

This is a process of ensuring that each person participating in an experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to any particular group.

Answer 5

Randomization.

Question 6

This experimental design is where pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables such as age or socioeconomic status.

One member of each pair is then placed into the experimental group and the other member into the control group.

Answer 6

Matched groups design.

Question 7

This experimental design is where the same participants take part in each condition of the independent variable.

Each condition of the experiment includes the same group of participants.

Answer 7

Within-subjects design / repeated measures design.

Question 8

This is an effect of being tested in one condition on participants’ behavior in later conditions.

For example, participants might perform a task better in later conditions because they have had a chance to practice it.

Answer 8

Carryover effect.

Question 9

This experimental design is where there is one (1) independent variable with two (2) or more levels.

Answer 9

Multiple groups design.

Question 10

This experimental design is where there are two (2) independent variables with two (2) or more levels each.

Answer 10

Factorial design.