Chapter 3: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs Flashcards
These are used to establish relationships among pre-existing behaviors.
Correlational designs.
These are used to predict one set of behaviors from others.
Correlational designs.
The prefix “quasi” is Latin for?
“Seeming like.”
These often seem like real experiments but lack essential elements such as manipulation of antecedents or random assignment.
Quasi-experimental design.
True or False: Correlational designs and quasi-experimental designs tend to be higher in external validity or generalizability.
True.
This is designed to determine the correlation or degree of relationship between two traits, behaviors, or events.
Correlational study.
This refers to any observable behavior, characteristic, or event that can vary or have different values.
Variable.
This refers to the relationship between pairs of scores from each subject.
Simple correlations.
The most commonly used procedure for calculating simple correlations.
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.
The three (3) general outcomes in correlation.
- Positive relationship.
- Negative relationship.
- No relationship.
These refer to visual representations of the scores.
Scatterplot.
Lines drawn on the scatterplot that illustrate the mathematical equation that best describes the linear relationship between the two measured scores are known as?
Regression lines / lines of best fit.
Simple correlations use a _______ ______ _____, wherein the direction of the relationship between X and Y generally remains the same.
General linear model.
This is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of another variable.
Linear regression analysis.
The term for the variable we want to predict.
Dependent variable (DV).
The term for the variable we are using to predict the other variable’s value.
Independent variable (IV).
This is used when we want to test the relationship between several predictor variables with a criterion variable.
Multiple correlation.
A study wherein the researcher is looking for relationships between variables.
Correlational studies.
A design wherein the researcher is comparing different groups of subjects looking for differences or changes over time in the same group of subjects.
Quasi-experiments.
A study in which the researcher systematically examines the effect of subject characteristics (subject variables) but without actually manipulating them.
Ex Post Facto Studies.
“Ex post facto” means?
“After the fact.”
A design in which the researcher compares the effects of different treatment conditions on pre-existing groups of participants.
Nonequivalent groups design.
In this design, the researcher chooses existing groups that appear similar, but where only one of the groups experiences the treatment.
Nonequivalent groups design.
In this design, behaviors of the same subjects are measured at different points in time and it looks at how things have changed.
Longitudinal design.
This focuses on the influence of time on behaviors rather than how different behaviors are related.
Longitudinal design.
In this design, subjects who are already at different stages are compared at a single point in time.
Cross-sectional studies.
This design assesses whether the occurrence of an event increases or decreases the existing level of a person’s behavior.
Pre-test/post-test design.
Practice effects which can affect the results of a pre-test/post-test design, such as being less anxious, learning new information to improve their scores, etc., are also known as?
Pre-test sensitization.
