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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 7 - Arthology - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Arthology - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Joint

A

2 skeletal components (shoulder Jt, Hip Jt)

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2
Q

Composite joint

A

3 or more skeletal components (humerus - elbow_

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3
Q

If the joint is CT proper it is a…

A

Fibrous Jt

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4
Q

If the joint is cartilage it is a…

A

Cartilaginous jt

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5
Q

If the joint is a CT proper BUT has a cavity called a synovial cavity it is a….

A

Synovial Joint

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6
Q

Characteristics of Fibrous Jts (synarthrosis)

A

united by fibrous CT

Little or no movement

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7
Q

3 types of Fibrous Jts

A

Syndesmosis (ses - Plural)
Sutures
Gomphoses

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8
Q

What is a Syndesmosis Jt and example?

A

Fibrous Joint
Side to side Jt
Jointed by interosseous membrane
Between Radios and Ulna

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9
Q

What is a suture and example?

A

Fibrous Jt
Between flat bone of skull
33 of them

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10
Q

What are the 4 categories of sutures?

A

serrated - Teeth of saw
Squamous - bones meet in beveled overlapping edges
planar - no overlapping or interlocking
Schindylesis - Y where a bone articulates with the cleft of another

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11
Q

What is gomphoses and examples?

A

Fibrous Jt
between teeth and their bony sockets
known as dental alveolor joints

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12
Q

What is peridontium

A

glue that holds the root of tooth in socket

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13
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A

united by cartilage

Little or no movement

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14
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses - Hyaline cartilage
- joints of skull and epiphyseal cartilage
Symphyses - moves with childbirth
- skeletal components united by fibrocartilage
-Pubic symphysis (slightly moveable)

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15
Q

What is synostosis?

A

NOT A JOINT.

If bone replaces cartilage, a Jt becomes a synostosis, occurs naturally at epiphyseal plates

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16
Q

What are synovial joints also known as?

A

diarthroses

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17
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

united by fibrous CT (fibrous joints) but also have an articular (“synovial”) cavity between the articulating surfaces.

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18
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Synovial Jt’s are reinforced by ligaments
Fibrous CT bands and cords
help stabilize ‘joint capsule’

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19
Q

What do the synovial membrane do?

A

secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity

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20
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A

lubricates articular cartilage

21
Q

What are capsular ligaments?

A

in the fibrous layer of the joint capsule (shoulder and hip joints)

22
Q

What is an extracapsular ligament?

A

located outside the fibrous later of the articular capsule

23
Q

What do we call extracapsuler ligaments that are paired (located on each side of the joint)?

A

collateral ligaments - present in most joints of the limbs

24
Q

What are intracapsular ligaments?

A

internal to fibrous layer…. very few joints have this but the hip does

25
Q

What things assists the joints.. “fill the gaps”?

A

Articular discs

Articular menisci

26
Q

What are articular discs?

A

completely separate articular cartilage
Makes it better fit
radiocarpal joint, sternseoclavicular joint

27
Q

What are articular menisci?

A

two incomplete articular discs, ‘c’ or ‘half-mooned shape’, found in genual Jt

28
Q

What is flexion?

A

a decrease in size of the flexor angle

29
Q

What is extension?

A

an increase in size of the flexor angle

30
Q

What is the angle opposite the flexor angle?

A

the ‘extensor angle’

31
Q

Free part of the inferior limb (knee), flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

A

posterior

32
Q

Free part of the superior limb (elbow), flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

A

anterior

33
Q

Coxal jt, flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

A

anterior

34
Q

Joints of the vertebral column, flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

A

anterior. Bending head down is flexing the joints of the vertebral column

35
Q

What is hyper extend?

A

Jt components angled beyond 180 degrees

36
Q

What is dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

A 
occurs at tarsal joint... 
dorsiflexion (flexion) is easing off of the gas pedal
plantar flexion (extension) is standing on your toes
37
Q

How do you speak properly using flexion and extension?

A

2 terms… action and joint!
EX…
NOT - Flex antebrachium
YES - Flex at cubital joint

38
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement away from median plane (point of reference).. limbs
Metcarpophlangeal joint.. spread fingers out

39
Q

What is adduction?

A

movement towards the median plane (point of reference in the median plane)

40
Q

In the inferior limb, abduction/adduction can only happen at what joints?

A

hip jt and metatarsophalangeal jts

41
Q

When naming abduction and adduction, what is the proper way?

A

3 names.. action, region, joint

Ex… Abduction of superior limb at shoulder joint

42
Q

What is rotation?

A

movement around the long axis

43
Q

What is pronation?

A

turns palmar aspect of manus posteriorly

44
Q

What is supination?

A

turns palm back toward NAP

45
Q

What is inversion?

A

balance on lateral part of foot

46
Q

What is eversion?

A

balance on the medial part of the foot

47
Q

What is protraction?

A

push jaw out of line

48
Q

What is retraction?

A

put jaw back into line

49
Q

What is circumduction?

A

circular motion involving finger, hand, foot, or limb

EX circumduction of manus at radiocarpal joint

Anatomy Lecture (9 decks)

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