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HH/PSYC3140 A - Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 7 - Anxiety and Stress Disorders (Topic 8) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Anxiety and Stress Disorders (Topic 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Most common type of abnormal behaviour

A

Anxiety disorders

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2
Q

what disorders have the highest comorbidity with other anxiety disorders

A

anxiety disorder

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3
Q

what is Fear

A

response to real, immediate danger
More intense
Short term

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4
Q

what is Anxiety

A

different from fear - more general and diffuse emotional reaction
low levels can be adaptive

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5
Q

what is Maladaptive anxiety

A

high levels of diffuse negative emotion
pessimistic thoughts and feelings
sense of uncontrollability - in future situations
shift in attention to state of self-preoccupation

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6
Q

what is Excessive Worry

A

relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative thoughts and images anticipating future threats of danger

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7
Q

what part of the brain is activated during a fight or flight response

A

Amygdala(emotional brain)

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8
Q

what is another name for the Prefrontal cortex

A

analytical brain - highest and advanced area
The amygdala and prefrontal cortex send messages amongst each other

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9
Q

what is the thalamus in charge of

A

relay station of brain
Thalamus send signals to amygdala → amygdala → prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

Anxiety Disorders include:

A

Panic Attacks/Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific Phobias/Social Anxiety D/O (Social Phobias)
Separation Anxiety D/O

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11
Q

OCD & Related Disorders include:

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Hoarding D/O
Trichotillomania/Hair-Pull D/O
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) D/O
Body Dismorphic D/O

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12
Q

Trauma & Stress Related Disorders include:

A

PTSD
ASD
ADs
Reactive Attachment Disorder

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13
Q

what is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

excessive, uncontrollable worry

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of a Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

majority of days than not for at least 6 months
affective, cognitive, & somatic symptoms

Symptoms include(3/6): restlessness/feeling on edge, fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, poor sleep patterns

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15
Q

what is a Panic Attack

A

Sudden overwhelming experience of terror involving somatic and cognitive symptoms.

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16
Q

what are the Symptoms of a panic attack

A

hear palpitations, sweating, dizziness, loss of control, heart attack, feeling like one is going to die

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17
Q

what are the Somatic Symptoms of a panic attack and how many of the symptoms must be acquired to be diagnosed with a panic attack

A

DSM requires at least 4 of 13 symptoms:
Palpitations
sweating
trembling/shaking
sensations of shortness of breath/smothering
feelings of choking
chest pain/discomfort
nausea
feeling dizzy/light-headed
derealization or depersonalization
fear of losing control/going crazy
fear of dying
tingling/numbness of extremities
chills/hot flushes

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of panic attacks

A

Spontaneous/uncued panic attacks
Situationally bound/cued panic attacks
Situationally predisposed panic attacks

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19
Q

what is a Spontaneous/uncued panic attacks

A

occur without warning or “out of the blue.”

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20
Q

what is a Situationally bound/cued panic attacks

A

occur upon actual or anticipated exposure to certain situations. These situations become cues or triggers for a panic episode

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21
Q

what is a Situationally predisposed panic attacks

A

don’t always occur immediately upon exposure to a feared situation or cue, but the individual is more likely to experience an attack in such situations.

22
Q

what is a Panic Disorder

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks
persistent concern about additional attacks for one month
with or without agoraphobia

23
Q

what is Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong

24
Q

what are Phobias

A

persistent, excessive, unrealistic fear of a specific object/situation

25
Q

what are Specific Phobias

A

fear of specific objects or situations
For example: public speaking, elevators, animals etc.

26
Q

what are the types of specific phobias(ordered by frequency of clinical patients)

A

Situational Type(1) (ex: public speaking)
Natural/Environmental(2) (ex: blood, heights)
Blood-Injection(3)
Animal Type(4)
Other

27
Q

what are Social Phobia

A

fear of social situations
ex: performance anxiety, interpersonal interactions
rooted in fear of negative evaluations

28
Q

what are the most common social phobias

A

speaking in public, dealing with authority, using public washroom

29
Q

what is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

presence of obsessions or compulsions or both

30
Q

define OBSESSIONS

A

repetitive thoughts, images, impulses
obsessions are unwelcome - come “out of the blue”
person realizes their unreasonable nature (not delusional)

31
Q

what are the common themes of obsessions

A

sex, violence, contamination

32
Q

define COMPULSIONS

A

behavioural responses to obsessions (“tension reduction”)
repetitive behaviours, rituals (e.g., hand-washing, checking)
mental acts (counting)
individual often attempts to reduce performing the compulsion
considered by the person to be senseless or irrational

33
Q

what is Hoarding D/O

A

Persons are repeatedly unable to give up or throw our their possessions, even worthless ones, because they feel a need to save them and want to avoid the discomfort of disposal

34
Q

what is Trichotillomania/Hair-Pull D/O

A

Individuals repeatedly pull out their hair
Despite attempts to stop, individuals are unable to stop this practice

35
Q

what is Excoriation (Skin-Picking) D/O

A

Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking
Skin pick causes distress or impairment

36
Q

what is Body Dismorphic D/O

A

Persons are preoccupied with having defect(s) or flaw(s) in their appearance that seem at most trivial to others
In response to their concerns the persons repeatedly perform certain behaviours(e.g. Check their appearance in mirrors) or mental acts(e.g. Compare their appearance with that of others)

37
Q

what are Traumatic stress

A

event that involves actual or threatened death/serious injury to self or others
Creates intense feelings of fear or horror

38
Q

what are the 4 common symptoms of Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders

A

Traumatic stress
Re-experiencing Trauma
Avoidance
Arousal/Anxiety

39
Q

how are Acute stress disorder (ASD) characterized

A

within 4 weeks after exposure to trauma
characterized by:

dissociative symptoms
re-experiencing of the event
marked anxiety/arousal

40
Q

how are Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) characterized

A

like ASD, characterized by:

dissociative symptoms
re-experiencing of the event
marked anxiety/arousal

Unlike ASD, symptoms long-lasting

41
Q

what are the 3 types of Psychological Interventions

A

Systematic Desensitization
Flooding
Relaxation and Breathing

42
Q

what is Systematic Desensitization

A

Involves teaching relaxation techniques, then presenting items of the fear hierarchy while the patient is in the relaxed state
Direct exposure (in vivo) works better than imagined ones in most cases

43
Q

what is Flooding

A

involves exposure to most frightening stimuli rather than working from the least to most frightening
Has shown high success rates

44
Q

what is Relaxation and Breathing

A

involves teaching the client to alternate between relaxing and tensing muscle groups while breathing slowly and deeply
relaxation techniques/sequences

45
Q

what is Exposure and Response Prevention

A

Prolonged exposure to the situation that increases anxiety with prevention of the person’s typical compulsive response

46
Q

what is Exposure and Response Prevention used with

A

OCD

47
Q

what is Cognitive Therapy/CBT

A

identify maladaptive cognitions and beliefs and try to reconstruct mental sets
can use Virtual Reality Therapy

48
Q

describe Biological Interventions I

A

Antianxiety medications
Benzodiazapines (Valium, Xanax)
Serious side effect: sedation. withdrawal, addiction

49
Q

describe Biological Interventions II

A

Antidepressant medications
SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) preferred – less side effects
tricyclics OK but serious side effects
clomipramine for OCD

50
Q

what is critical incident stress debriefing and why is it important

A

a structured, brief intervention provided in a small group setting immediately following a crisis. It’s designed to help people process the event to minimize symptoms of traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety.

HH/PSYC3140 A - Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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