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HH/PSYC3140 A - Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 4 - Assessment of Abnormal Behaviour (Topic 6) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Assessment of Abnormal Behaviour (Topic 6) Flashcards

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1
Q

what does DSM stand for

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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2
Q

what does ICD stand for

A

International Classification of Diseases

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3
Q

what are the Goals of DSM-5

A

Decrease usage of “not otherwise specified” diagnosis
Add dimensional assessments – not just presence of symptom, but also severity rating
Align with ICD
All disorders & definitions based on strong empirical evidence

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4
Q

what type of information does the DSM-5 consist of

A

Over 500 mental disorders described
Includes key clinical features of each
Prevalence, risk, course, age, culture, gender
Categorical information: name of distinct category of disorder
Dimensional information: how severe the symptoms are and how impaired the client is across various domains of functioning

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5
Q

what Changes to Autistic Disorders were made in the DSM-5

A

replaced with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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6
Q

what Changes to Schizophrenia were made in the DSM-5

A

replaced with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

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7
Q

who is Allen Frances and what did he do

A

Chair of DSM-IV Task Force

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8
Q

what does the Categorical system entail

A

disorders are discrete diagnostic entities – qualitatively different

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9
Q

what does the Dimensional system entail

A

abnormal behaviour exists on a continuum – difference in quantity, not kind

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10
Q

does the DSM-5 follow the Categorical system or the Dimensional system

A

categorical system with dimensional ratings

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11
Q

are Most disorders dimensional or categorical

A

dimensional

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12
Q

what does Reliability entail

A

consistent measurement across time (test-retest) and observers (inter-rater)

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13
Q

what does Validity entail

A

appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of inferences made from test scores

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14
Q

Judgments can be consistent (reliable), but not valid (both raters may agree, and both may be wrong!). True or False

A

true
test can be reliable but not valid
but test can’t be valid and not reliable

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15
Q

what is Inter-rater reliability

A

two raters agree

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16
Q

what is Test-retest reliability

A

test scores are similar across time

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17
Q

what is Internal consistency reliability

A

test items are correlated

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18
Q

what are the 4 Types of validity

A

Concurrent
Predictive
Content
Construct

19
Q

what are the 5 different types of Psychological Assessments

A

Clinical Interview
Personality Tests – self-report tests & projective tests
Behaviour Observation
Biological Assessment – Brain Imaging
Neuropsychological Assessment

20
Q

describe how a Clinical Interview works (psychological assessment)

A

clinician operates from influences information gathered during the interview
Rapport is a necessary component of the interview process

21
Q

Clinical Interviews can either be….

A

Structured
unstructured

22
Q

which Clinical Interviews are more reliable structured or unstructured

A

structured because it is more standardized

23
Q

describe Psychological Tests(psychological assessment)

A

Standardized procedures

24
Q

what is the most widely used Psychological test

A

MMPI : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

25
Q

how does the MMPI ensure validity

A

Includes validity scales and clinical scales
Set traps for people being dishonest to look more or less favorably

26
Q

describe what are Projective Tests(psychological assessment)

A

Standard set of stimuli presented to client (i.e., inkblots or drawings)
Stimuli are ambiguous
No right answer
Client’s responses determined by unconscious processes and will reveal their true attitudes, motivations, and behaviour

27
Q

why are Projective Tests used

A

Used to reach unconscious feelings/beliefs of the client

28
Q

name the 2 famous Projective Tests

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

29
Q

briefly describe the Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

psychological test in which subjects’ perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation

30
Q

briefly describe the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

a projective test that involves having people explain what is happening in ambiguous scenes

31
Q

what is Behaviour Observation(psychological assessment)

A

Formally assesses an individual’s thought, feelings, and behaviors in specific situations or contexts

32
Q

what are the ABC’s of Behaviour Observation

A

Antecedent
Behaviour
Consequence

33
Q

what is a type Behaviour Observation

A

Self – monitoring

34
Q

what is a downfall of direct observation(self monitoring)

A

Reactivity – act of observation causes behaviour change

35
Q

what are the 4 types of Biological Assessment

A

Computerized Axial Tomography (CT Scan)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Functional MRI (fMRI)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

36
Q

what is a Computerized Axial Tomography (CT Scan)

A

assess structural brain abnormalities

37
Q

what is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

assess structural brain abnormalities – superior to CT scan

38
Q

what is a Functional MRI (fMRI)

A

assess abnormalities in brain functioning

39
Q

what is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

A

assess abnormalities in brain function

40
Q

what is a Neuropsychologist

A

studies how dysfunction in the brain affects the way we think, feel, and behave

41
Q

what are the 7 Goals of Neuropsych Assessment

A

To measure as reliably, validly, and completely as possible

To identify the characteristic profiles associated with a neurobehavioural syndrome

To establish possible localization, lateralization, and etiology of brain lesions

To determine whether neuropsychological deficits are present

To describe neuropsychological strengths, weaknesses, and strategy of problem solving

To assess the patient’s feelings about his or her syndrome

To provide treatment recommendations

42
Q

what is the most commonly used neuropsych battery

A

Halstead-Reitan Battery - comprehensive assessment of cognitive functioning

43
Q

describe the Halstead-Reitan Battery

A

Includes 10 subtests - measures of verbal and nonverbal intelligence, language, tactile and manipulative skills, auditory sensitivity, etc.
Cognitively intact individuals can perform tasks well; persons with neurological damage have difficulty with certain tasks depending on where the damage is located

HH/PSYC3140 A - Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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