Chapter 4 - Assessment of Abnormal Behaviour (Topic 6)

Question 1

what does DSM stand for

Answer 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 2

what does ICD stand for

Answer 2

International Classification of Diseases

Question 3

what are the Goals of DSM-5

Answer 3

Decrease usage of “not otherwise specified” diagnosis
Add dimensional assessments – not just presence of symptom, but also severity rating
Align with ICD
All disorders & definitions based on strong empirical evidence

Question 4

what type of information does the DSM-5 consist of

Answer 4

Over 500 mental disorders described
Includes key clinical features of each
Prevalence, risk, course, age, culture, gender
Categorical information: name of distinct category of disorder
Dimensional information: how severe the symptoms are and how impaired the client is across various domains of functioning

Question 5

what Changes to Autistic Disorders were made in the DSM-5

Answer 5

replaced with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 6

what Changes to Schizophrenia were made in the DSM-5

Answer 6

replaced with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Question 7

who is Allen Frances and what did he do

Answer 7

Chair of DSM-IV Task Force

Question 8

what does the Categorical system entail

Answer 8

disorders are discrete diagnostic entities – qualitatively different

Question 9

what does the Dimensional system entail

Answer 9

abnormal behaviour exists on a continuum – difference in quantity, not kind

Question 10

does the DSM-5 follow the Categorical system or the Dimensional system

Answer 10

categorical system with dimensional ratings

Question 11

are Most disorders dimensional or categorical

Answer 11

dimensional

Question 12

what does Reliability entail

Answer 12

consistent measurement across time (test-retest) and observers (inter-rater)

Question 13

what does Validity entail

Answer 13

appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of inferences made from test scores

Question 14

Judgments can be consistent (reliable), but not valid (both raters may agree, and both may be wrong!). True or False

Answer 14

true
test can be reliable but not valid
but test can’t be valid and not reliable

Question 15

what is Inter-rater reliability

Answer 15

two raters agree

Question 16

what is Test-retest reliability

Answer 16

test scores are similar across time

Question 17

what is Internal consistency reliability

Answer 17

test items are correlated

Question 18

what are the 4 Types of validity

Answer 18

Concurrent
Predictive
Content
Construct

Question 19

what are the 5 different types of Psychological Assessments

Answer 19

Clinical Interview
Personality Tests – self-report tests & projective tests
Behaviour Observation
Biological Assessment – Brain Imaging
Neuropsychological Assessment

Question 20

describe how a Clinical Interview works (psychological assessment)

Answer 20

clinician operates from influences information gathered during the interview
Rapport is a necessary component of the interview process

Question 21

Clinical Interviews can either be….

Answer 21

Structured
unstructured

Question 22

which Clinical Interviews are more reliable structured or unstructured

Answer 22

structured because it is more standardized

Question 23

describe Psychological Tests(psychological assessment)

Answer 23

Standardized procedures

Question 24

what is the most widely used Psychological test

Answer 24

MMPI : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 25

how does the MMPI ensure validity

Answer 25

Includes validity scales and clinical scales Set traps for people being dishonest to look more or less favorably

Question 26

describe what are Projective Tests(psychological assessment)

Answer 26

Standard set of stimuli presented to client (i.e., inkblots or drawings) Stimuli are ambiguous No right answer Client’s responses determined by unconscious processes and will reveal their true attitudes, motivations, and behaviour

Question 27

why are Projective Tests used

Answer 27

Used to reach unconscious feelings/beliefs of the client

Question 28

name the 2 famous Projective Tests

Answer 28

Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 29

briefly describe the Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 29

psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation

Question 30

briefly describe the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 30

a projective test that involves having people explain what is happening in ambiguous scenes

Question 31

what is Behaviour Observation(psychological assessment)

Answer 31

Formally assesses an individual’s thought, feelings, and behaviors in specific situations or contexts

Question 32

what are the ABC's of Behaviour Observation

Answer 32

Antecedent Behaviour Consequence

Question 33

what is a type Behaviour Observation

Answer 33

Self – monitoring

Question 34

what is a downfall of direct observation(self monitoring)

Answer 34

Reactivity – act of observation causes behaviour change

Question 35

what are the 4 types of Biological Assessment

Answer 35

Computerized Axial Tomography (CT Scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

Question 36

what is a Computerized Axial Tomography (CT Scan)

Answer 36

assess structural brain abnormalities

Question 37

what is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 37

assess structural brain abnormalities – superior to CT scan

Question 38

what is a Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 38

assess abnormalities in brain functioning

Question 39

what is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

Answer 39

assess abnormalities in brain function

Question 40

what is a Neuropsychologist

Answer 40

studies how dysfunction in the brain affects the way we think, feel, and behave

Question 41

what are the 7 Goals of Neuropsych Assessment

Answer 41

To measure as reliably, validly, and completely as possible To identify the characteristic profiles associated with a neurobehavioural syndrome To establish possible localization, lateralization, and etiology of brain lesions To determine whether neuropsychological deficits are present To describe neuropsychological strengths, weaknesses, and strategy of problem solving To assess the patient’s feelings about his or her syndrome To provide treatment recommendations

Question 42

what is the most commonly used neuropsych battery

Answer 42

Halstead-Reitan Battery - comprehensive assessment of cognitive functioning

Question 43

describe the Halstead-Reitan Battery

Answer 43

Includes 10 subtests - measures of verbal and nonverbal intelligence, language, tactile and manipulative skills, auditory sensitivity, etc. Cognitively intact individuals can perform tasks well; persons with neurological damage have difficulty with certain tasks depending on where the damage is located