Chapter 7- antibacterial and antiviral agents

Question 1

1. In reconstituting an antibiotic in powder form, the nurse:

Answer 1

changes the needle used to reconstitute the medication before administering the drug to the client.

Question 2

The nurse is preparing to administer oral penicillin and plans to give it to the client:

Answer 2

1–2 hours before meals or 2–3 hours after meals .Oral penicillin should be administered on an empty stomach because food may interfere with the absorption of oral penicillin.

Question 3

To reduce the possibility of local tissue reactions to intramuscular injection of penicillin, the nurse:

Answer 3

replaces the needle that was used to withdraw medication from the vial.

Question 4

Because of the likelihood of cross-sensitivity reaction, cephalosporins should be administered with extreme caution to clients with a history of allergic reaction to:

Answer 4

penicillins. Because cephalosporins were developed as offshoots of penicillins, there may be cross-sensitivities between penicillins and cephalosporins.

Question 5

The likelihood of nephrotoxicity may be increased for clients taking cephalosporin antibiotics and:

Answer 5

loop diuretics
If a client is taking furosemide with either cephalosporins or aminoglycosides, the risk of nephrotoxicity is increased.

Question 6

The client who has just received a prescription for oral tetracycline should be advised to avoid:

Answer 6

calcium-containing antacids

Question 7

Tetracycline should not be given to:

Answer 7

children under 8 years
Because of the effects on teeth and bone development, tetracycline should not be taken by children under the age of eight.

Question 8

A client is prescribed an aminoglycoside, and the nurse understands that the usual route by which most aminoglycosides are administered is:

Answer 8

parenteral

Question 9

Clients taking aminoglycosides should have the functioning of the ____ tested before and during treatment.

Answer 9

eighth cranial nerve

This is to monitor for ototoxicity.

Question 10

Clients at risk of developing nephrotoxicity while taking aminoglycosides are:

Answer 10

those with dehydration are at increased risk for nephrotoxicity if taking aminoglycosides, because the dehydration decreases renal perfusion.

Question 11

Second-generation fluoroquinolones are frequently used to treat:

Answer 11

genitourinary infections

Question 12

Carbapenems are contraindicated in clients with history of anaphylaxis with:

Answer 12

cephalosporins. are contraindicated in clients with a history of anaphylaxis with the use of cephalosporins.

Question 13

The client asks why she will be taking two medications to treat her tuberculosis. The best response by the nurse is:

Answer 13

“Clients tend to develop bacterial resistance when only one medication is used.”

Question 14

A client with TB is prescribed isoniazid (INH), rifampin, and pyridoxine. The nurse understands that pyridoxine is used in this combination to:

Answer 14

prevent INH-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Question 15

Some persons metabolize isoniazid (INH) more rapidly than others. It is important for the nurse to remember that:

Answer 15

slow acetylators are more likely to experience drug toxicity.

Question 16

Two days later, the client calls the nurse to report a sore throat, fever, and jaundice. The nurse should advise the client to

Answer 16

stop the sulfonamide and see the health care provider as soon as possible, as these may be manifestations of a blood dyscrasia.

Question 17

Clients taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for the treatment of a urinary tract infection should be told:

Answer 17

that their urine may turn orange-red.

Question 18

Prior to administering vidarabine (Vira-A) to a client, the nurse should:

Answer 18

inquire if the client is pregnant.

Question 19

When preparing the client’s pentamidine (Nebupent) powder, the nurse:

Answer 19

Correct: The powder should be reconstituted with 6 mL of bacteriostatic sterile water.

Question 20

A client with HIV is prescribed pentamidine IM daily for 14 days. The client weighs 121 pounds. What dose should be prescribed for this client?

Answer 20

220 mg, The recommended dose of pentamidine IM is 4 mg/kg. Divide 121 pounds by 2.2 = 55 kg; then multiply 55 kg by 4 mg = 220 mg.

Question 21

All of the following are true about zidovudine (Retrovir) EXCEPT:

Answer 21

clients cannot transmit HIV while taking zidovudine

Question 22

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, allowing the host’s immunological defenses to complete the job of destroying the organism, are called:

Answer 22

bacteriostatic, inhibit the growth of bacteria, but do not actively kill the bacteria that are present.

Question 23

What is a major disadvantage of using broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to treat infections?

Answer 23

They destroy normal flora, enabling superinfections to develop.

Question 24

A client was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The client’s health care provider prescribes Zinacef (a second-generation cephalosporin) 2 grams IV q8h. While preparing to administer the first dose of Zinacef, the nurse notices that the client has a penicillin allergy. The best action by the nurse is to:

Answer 24

hold the Zinacef and notify the health care provider of the client’s allergy to penicillin.

Question 25

The nurse is teaching a client about the risk of antibiotic-resistant microorganism. Which response by the client indicates that more teaching is needed?

Answer 25

“If this medication doesn’t work within 5 days, I will quit taking it and make an appointment with my doctor.”

Question 26

For a client receiving tetracycline, the nurse needs to instruct the client to:

Answer 26

take medication with meals.

Question 27

A client with cystic fibrosis is being treated with IV ceftazidime and gentamicin. The nurse should:

Answer 27

monitor for nephrotoxicity

Question 28

When teaching a client taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro), the nurse should instruct the client to avoid:

Answer 28

antacids 4 hours before and 2 hours after oral dosing.

Question 29

A nurse working in a health care provider’s office sees a number of cases of the most common tick-transmitted disease, which is:

Answer 29

Lyme disease.

Question 30

When planning assignments for a pediatric unit, the charge nurse should NOT assign a pregnant nurse to a child receiving

Answer 30

ribavirin. Because of teratogenic effects of this drug, no pregnant individual should enter the room of a client during inhalation administration of ribavirin

Question 31

Prior to administering vidarabine to a client, the nurse should:

Answer 31

attach a filter to the vidarabine infusion.

Question 32

When administering IV vancomycin, the nurse should:

Answer 32

infuse this drug over a minimum of 1 hour. To decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity, infuse this drug over a minimum of 1 hour.

Question 33

Infusing vancomycin through a central venous access would prevent:

Answer 33

pain and phlebitis associated with peripheral infusion .Central venous access is preferred because of the high incidence of pain and phlebitis in peripheral veins from vancomycin infusions.

Question 34

A client with AIDS is prescribed didanosine and zidovudine. The nurse should include which of the following in teaching for this client?

Answer 34

Take these medications around-the-clock.to maintain a blood level of the drugs.

Question 35

The client has a new prescription for the antiretroviral agent, Emtriva. Which of these statements would be appropriate for the nurse to give in the client teaching?

Answer 35

“Emtriva may be taken without regard to food intake.”

Question 36

Which of the following is true of CA-MRSA?

Answer 36

The primary transmission method is contaminated hands.

Question 37

Which of the following statements would be appropriate in teaching a client about Tygacil?

Answer 37

“It can cause permanent tooth discoloration.”

Question 38

The nurse observes for which of the following manifestations of an allergic reaction in a client receiving penicillin? Select all that apply.

Answer 38

pruritis
urticaria
dyspnea

Question 39

When teaching a client who is prescribed a tetracycline, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following?

Answer 39

dairy products
zinc
iron
sodium bicarbonate
drugs containing calcium

Question 40

Clients taking sulfonamides for UTI should receive which of the following instructions from the nurse? Select all that apply.

Answer 40

Consume 3,000–4,000 of fluid per day.
Consume plenty of cranberry and orange juice.
Follow ways to avoid recurrent UTIs.