Chapter 18-diuretic and antihypertensives

Question 1

Diuretics are used in the treatment of all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 1

obesity.

Question 2

The health care provider prescribes furosemide for a client. The nurse understands that this drug is a(an):

Answer 2

loop diuretic

Question 3

The client is a 35-year-old male who was diagnosed with hypertension 1 year ago. His current drug regime includes enalapril 40 mg by mouth daily. The client confides to the nurse that he is experiencing sexual dysfunction and plans to stop his medication. The nurse’s best response is:

Answer 3

Sexual dysfunction can be an adverse effect of this medication, but you should not stop this medication without discussing it with your doctor. Changes can be made that should eliminate this effect.”

Question 4

When teaching a client about the risk factors for hypertension, the nurse realizes further instruction is needed when the client identifies which of the following as a risk factor?

Answer 4

low serum cholesterol

Question 5

In instructing a client about methyldopa therapy, the nurse stresses that the client should pay particular attention to watching for the development of:

Answer 5

drowsiness and orthostatic hypotension.

Methyldopa can result in sedation and postural hypotension.

Question 6

Probably the most common reason that clients stop taking antihypertensive medication is:

Answer 6

belief that control of blood pressure means cure.

Question 7

During the care for a hypertensive client, the client’s blood pressure becomes 180/122. After reporting this to the health care provider, the nurse prepares to administer:

Answer 7

nitroprusside- is an agent used to treat hypertensive emergency.

Question 8

Before obtaining the client’s blood pressure (BP), the nurse should:

Answer 8

obtain the appropriate size cuff for taking the BP for this client.

Question 9

The nurse knows that osmotic diuretics are most often used to treat:

Answer 9

increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

Question 10

When monitoring clients receiving thiazide diuretics, the nurse would not need to monitor the client for:

Answer 10

gynecomastia.

Question 11

A client is prescribed aldactazide. When preparing to teach the client about the medication, the nurse understands that this agent is a:

Answer 11

combination potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics.-Aldactazide is a combination of spirolactone and HCTZ.

Question 12

The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in treating hypertension has declined. However, they are now used primarily to decrease:

Answer 12

increased intraocular pressure.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a client with renal insufficiency. The diuretic of choice for this client is:

Answer 13

furosemide.

Question 14

When caring for a client receiving reserpine, the nurse should monitor the client for:

Answer 14

mental depression.-This is a common adverse effect associated with reserpine.

Question 15

The client receiving which of the following agents should be advised NOT to use potassium supplements?

Answer 15

triamterene.-is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia, so the client should not take potassium supplements while receiving this drug.

Question 16

Labetalol is an effective antihypertensive because of its action as a:

Answer 16

beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Question 17

The nurse caring for an older adult client receiving antihypertensive therapy should

Answer 17

protect the client from falls

Question 18

Teaching the client receiving antihypertensive therapy to eat a high-protein snack and flex the calf muscle will help decrease the client’s experiencing:

Answer 18

orthostatic hypotension.

Question 19

When involved in treating a client experiencing a hypertensive emergency, the nurse prepares to administer:

Answer 19

intravenous sodium nitroprusside.

Question 20

A client has been placed on mild sodium restriction (1,500 mg/day) and asks the nurse what this restriction involves. The nurse’s best response is:

Answer 20

“You should not add salt to cooking and avoid chips and pickles.”

Question 21

When evaluating the client’s understanding of antihypertensive therapy, the nurse recognizes that which statement indicates client understanding?

Answer 21

“I need to take my medicine, even if I don’t have any symptoms.”

Question 22

The nurse observes for signs and symptoms of anemia and liver dysfunction in clients taking:

Answer 22

methyldopa.

Question 23

A client is prescribed captopril and asks the nurse if this is like the atenolol that a neighbor takes for hypertension. The nurse’s best response would be:

Answer 23

“No, they both treat hypertension, but work in different ways.”

Question 24

The nurse exercises good judgment in assigning an appropriate administration schedule for the client’s furosemide 40 mg by mouth daily when the dose is scheduled for:

Answer 24

8 a.m.

Question 25

When caring for the client prescribed hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and digoxin, the nurse would monitor the client for:

Answer 25

hypokalemia- Both agents cause diuresis that can lead to hypokalemia, which would increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.

Question 26

The nurse instructs the client who takes HCTZ daily that he should consume which of the following foods in his diet?

Answer 26

bananas and oranges-These fruits are high in potassium.

Question 27

A client is prescribed HCTZ, 25 mg by mouth daily. The pharmacy sends HCTZ 50 mg/5 mL. The client should receive:

Answer 27

2.5 mL.- 25 mg divided by 50 mg = 0.5, multiplied by 5 mL = 2.5 mL.

Question 28

For the client receiving furosemide, the nurse should monitor for which of the following

Answer 28

a. muscle weakness
c. leg cramps
d. irregular pulse

Question 29

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists appear to have fewer adverse effects than other antihypertensive agents, and the nurse recognizes which of the following agents are in this classification? Select all that apply.

Answer 29

b. valsartan
c. losartan
Valsartan and losartan are angiotension II receptor antagonists.

Question 30

The client is receiving ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic. The nurse should monitor for which of the following?

Answer 30

a. vertigo
b. tinnitus
c. nausea and vomiting
e. muscle cramps
f. blurred vision