Chapter 7 and 9 Flashcards by Nicole Rodriguez

Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle

CN III Oculomotor Nerve
CN IV. Trochlear Nerve
CN V. Trigeminal Nerve
CN II. Optic Nerve

CN IV. Trochlear Nerve

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Which cranial nerve supplies the anterior tongue?

hypoglossal nerve
glossopharyngeal
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve

hypoglossal nerve

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What is the name of cranial nerve III?

oculomotor
trochlear
optic
olfactory

oculomotor

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Which cranial nerves control eye movement?
II, IV, V
V, VI, VIII
III, IV, VI
VIII, X, XII

III, IV, VI

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Which cranial nerve supplies the posterior tongue?
Facial nerve
hypoglossal nerve
accessory nerve
glossopharyngeal

glossopharyngeal

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Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for balance and hearing?
hypoglossal
accessory
glossopharyngeal
vestibulocochlear

vestibulocochlear

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Which cranial nerve supplies motor information to the face muscles?
Trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve Accessory nerve
Facial nerve

Facial nerve

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Which cranial nerve supplies sensory information to the face?

Facial nerve
Accessory nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

Trigeminal nerve

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How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?

12
5
18
7

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Disorder: Horizontal Nystagmus

CN II. Optic Nerve
CN III Oculomotor Nerve
CN VI. Abducens Nerve
CN IV. Trochlear Nerve

CN VI. Abducens Nerve

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Which cranial nerve supplies the shoulders?

accessory nerve
hypoglossal nerve
glossopharyngeal
Trigeminal nerve

accessory nerve

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What pair of cranial nerves travels to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

vagus
oculomotor
glossopharyngeal
vestibulocochlear

vagus

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What is the name of cranial nerve II?

trochlear
olfactory
oculomotor
optic

optic

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Information between skeletal muscles and the brain is

motor only
parasympathetic
both visceral and sensory
both motor and sensory

both motor and sensory

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Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with

clawhand
breathing
wristdrop
footdrop

breathing

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Characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system

decreased heart rate
decreased urine
increased sweat
decreased digestion

decreased heart rate

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Damage to the PNS tends to be permanent, but damage to the CNS tends to heal.

True
False

False

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What division of the ANS is called “rest-and-digest”?

sympathetic
somatic
afferent
parasympathetic

parasympathetic

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An example of haptic perception is

Tasting food
Withdrawal reflex
Understanding sounds
Holding tools

Holding tools

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Spinal nerves form a complex network known as a

plexus
reflex
tract
ganglion

plexus

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Which of the following is NOT a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus?

phrenic
musculocutaneous
median
axillary

phrenic

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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions make up the

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system

autonomic nervous system

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Irritation of this nerve causes excruciating pain in the face

V. Trigeminal Nerve
XI: Accessory Nerve
VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
VII Facial Nerve

V. Trigeminal Nerve

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What is the name of cranial nerve I?

optic
oculomotor
olfactory
trochlear

olfactory

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Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle CN III Oculomotor Nerve CN IV. Trochlear Nerve CN V. Trigeminal Nerve CN II. Optic Nerve

CN IV. Trochlear Nerve

Which cranial nerve supplies the anterior tongue? hypoglossal nerve glossopharyngeal Facial nerve Trigeminal nerve

hypoglossal nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve III? oculomotor trochlear optic olfactory

oculomotor

Which cranial nerves control eye movement? II, IV, V V, VI, VIII III, IV, VI VIII, X, XII

III, IV, VI

Which cranial nerve supplies the posterior tongue? Facial nerve hypoglossal nerve accessory nerve glossopharyngeal

glossopharyngeal

Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for balance and hearing? hypoglossal accessory glossopharyngeal vestibulocochlear

vestibulocochlear

Which cranial nerve supplies motor information to the face muscles? Trigeminal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Accessory nerve Facial nerve

Facial nerve

Which cranial nerve supplies sensory information to the face? Facial nerve Accessory nerve Trigeminal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

Trigeminal nerve

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain? 12 5 18 7

Disorder: Horizontal Nystagmus CN II. Optic Nerve CN III Oculomotor Nerve CN VI. Abducens Nerve CN IV. Trochlear Nerve

CN VI. Abducens Nerve

Which cranial nerve supplies the shoulders? accessory nerve hypoglossal nerve glossopharyngeal Trigeminal nerve

accessory nerve

What pair of cranial nerves travels to the thoracic and abdominal cavities? vagus oculomotor glossopharyngeal vestibulocochlear

vagus

What is the name of cranial nerve II? trochlear olfactory oculomotor optic

optic

Information between skeletal muscles and the brain is motor only parasympathetic both visceral and sensory both motor and sensory

both motor and sensory

Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with clawhand breathing wristdrop footdrop

breathing

Characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system decreased heart rate decreased urine increased sweat decreased digestion

decreased heart rate

Damage to the PNS tends to be permanent, but damage to the CNS tends to heal. True False

False

What division of the ANS is called "rest-and-digest"? sympathetic somatic afferent parasympathetic

parasympathetic

An example of haptic perception is Tasting food Withdrawal reflex Understanding sounds Holding tools

Holding tools

Spinal nerves form a complex network known as a plexus reflex tract ganglion

plexus

Which of the following is NOT a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus? phrenic musculocutaneous median axillary

phrenic

The sciatic nerve splits to form which two nerves? femoral and tibial nerves obturator l and fibular (peroneal) nerves obturator and femoral nerves tibial and fibular (peroneal) nerves

tibial and fibular (peroneal) nerves

The sciatic nerve belongs to the ____ nerve plexus. brachial sacral cervical lumbar

sacral

"Fight-or-flight" response is the role of the sympathetic nervous system cerebrum parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

ardiovascular disease is the major cause of declining mental function with age True False

True

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are proprioceptors lamellar corpuscles association neurons Meissner's corpuscles

proprioceptors

Which branch of the ANS is activated by anger or fear? sympathetic division somatic division parasympathetic division sensory division

sympathetic division

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are opposite of central nervous system parasympathetic nervous system autonomic nervous system sensory division

parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions make up the somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system peripheral nervous system central nervous system

autonomic nervous system

The target of prolactin is the female breast. True False

True

The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum (stalk) True False

True

The scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology. True False

False

Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body. True False

True

What causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water? insulin antidiuretic hormone (ADH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cortisol

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Hyposecretion of LH or FSH results in sterility True False

True

003: An endocrine gland secretes into a duct, an exocrine gland secretes into a blood vessel. True False

False

Which one stimulates maturation of egg and sperm? follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) prolactin (PRL) glucagon luteinizing hormone (LH)

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which one causes childbirth contractions? prolactin luteinizing hormone (LH) estrogen oxytocin

oxytocin

Which of the following are gonadotropins? Growth hormone and Cortisol FSH and LH Estrogen and Progesterone Estrogen, Progesterone, FSH and LH

FSH and LH

Which one is a continuation of the brain? Posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus? thyroid gland pituitary gland pineal gland thymus

pituitary gland

A pituitary tumor can lead to blindness because it is so close to the optic chiasma. True False

True

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus directly influence the pineal gland adrenal gland anterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary gland

anterior pituitary gland

What is the target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TSH-RH)? pituitary pineal thyroid adrenal

pituitary

Which two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary? antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin cortisol; aldosterone oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) growth hormone; prolactin

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone promotes sodium and water retention. True False

False

Most hormones are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients released upon stimulation by other hormones classified as steroids

released upon stimulation by other hormones

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? prolactin (PRL) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones? nervous system immune system integumentary system endocrine system

endocrine system

Calcitonin speeds osteoclasts Parathyroid hormone speeds osteoblasts True False

False

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by abnormal glucose levels True False

False

Where is calcitonin made? hypothalamus anterior pituitary thyroid gland parathyroid gland

thyroid gland

Which synthetic hormone is called vasopressin? thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) growth hormone (GH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The body's major metabolic hormone adrenaline calcitonin thyroid hormone growth hormone (GH)

thyroid hormone

Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland. True False

True

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin and thyroid hormone prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood gigantism Cushing's disease acromegaly pituitary dwarfism

pituitary dwarfism

Hyperthyroidism: slow and overweight Hypothyroidism: thin and active True False

False

An anti-diuretic lowers blood pressure. True False

False

Acromegaly is hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended. True False

True

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) diabetes insipidus diabetes mellitus goiter hypoglycemia

diabetes insipidus

Thyroid hormone controls blood calcium levels. True False

False

What is needed to make thyroid hormone? Magnesium Potassium Glucose Iodine

Iodine

The three cases where positive feedback is normal are Growth hormone, ovulation, childbirth Ovulation, thyroid hormone, blood clotting Ovulation, childbirth, blood clotting Childbirth, thyroid hormone, growth hormone

Ovulation, childbirth, blood clotting

What tells the thyroid gland to make and release thyroxine (T4)? adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) gonadotropic hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium. Parathyroid raises blood calcium True False

True

What is the medical term for drinking a lot of water? Polyphagia Polydypsia Polyuria

Polydypsia

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result? pituitary dwarfism goiter cretinism Graves' disease

goiter

Which disorder is from hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood? Gigantism Gigantism and acromegaly Acromegaly Dwarfism

Gigantism

Melatonin as an over-the-counter medication for what purpose?calcium supplement sleep aid increase metabolism growth of hair and nails

sleep aid

060: Graves' Disease is autoimmune hyperthyroidism Hashimoto's is autoimmune hypothyroidism True False

True

070: Where are the parathyroid glands located? within the pancreas within the mediastinum on top of the kidneys posterior surface of the thyroid gland

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

073: The thymus is an incubator for immature T-cells to allow them to mature. True False

True

077: What gland secretes catecholamines? pancreas thyroid gland adrenal medulla adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

Tetany (uncontrolled muscle spasms) may indicate a malfunction of parathyroid glands adrenal cortex pineal gland thymus

parathyroid glands

Which of these regulate calcium levels in the body? calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) melatonin and glucocorticoids insulin and glucagon oxytocin and prolactin

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The antagonist of parathyroid hormone is calcitonin True False

True

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most important regulator of blood calcium levels. True False

True

Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. True False

True

079: The 3 steroids from adrenal cortex: Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and Sex hormones True False

True

077: The adrenal cortex makes 3 groups of hormones collectively called catecholamines. True False

False

061: Hashimoto's Thyroiditis has exophthalmos. Graves' Disease has myxedema. True False

False

072: Thyroid and parathyroid glands produce antagonist hormones True False

True

Which gland is located posterior to the sternum, superior to the heart? thymus parathyroid glands thyroid gland pancreas

thymus

075: Most of the steroid hormones are made in the Adrenal medulla Adrenal cortex Pituitary Thyroid gland

Adrenal cortex

078: Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine. True False

True

Child has a short, disproportionate body, thick tongue and mental retardation. cretinism exophthalmos pituitary dwarfism Graves' disease

cretinism

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? sex hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) cortisone aldosterone

epinephrine (adrenaline)

What is the primary function of thymosin? Regulates the salt content of the blood. Establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle. Glucose is oxidized and converted to body heat and ATP. Essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

Essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

The fight-or-flight response triggers the release of prolactin (PRL) epinephrine antidiuretic hormone (ADH) growth hormone (GH)

epinephrine

Aldosterone causes the kidney to reabsorb sodium reabsorb potassium reabsorb calcium reabsorb iodine

reabsorb sodium

Low cortisol levels are found in Addison's disease Cushing's syndrome

Addison's disease

79: Glucocorticoids regulate both water and salt content of the blood. True False

false

Regulates the body's sleep cycle melatonin thymosin aldosterone cortisol

melatonin

Which has round, moon face, buffalo hump, and features of the opposite sex? Addison's disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Graves' disease Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

Female secondary sex characteristics are pubic hair and breasts True False

True

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus? moon face polyphagia polyuria polydipsia

moon face

082: Cortisone and cortisol are the most important types of glucocorticoids sex hormones catecholamines mineralocorticoids

glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids help resist stress by increasing blood glucose levels. True False

true

Which of these travels to the cortex region of the adrenal gland? adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) prolactin (PRL) growth hormone (GH)

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Male secondary sex characteristics: low voice, facial and pubic hair, large body mass True False

true

Cortisol suppresses immune system and is an anti-inflammatory agent. True False

true

080: The adrenal cortex makes estrogen in males and testosterone in females True False

True

083: Gluconeogenesis = break down protein and fats, liver turns them into new glucose True False

True

088: Which is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone? suppress inflammation increase reabsorption of salt help resist long-term stress increase blood glucose levels

increase reabsorption of salt

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called androgens estrogens mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids

androgens

What organ gets the most glucose when the body is stressed? Pancreas Pituitary Liver Brain

Brain

The 2 categories of sex hormones are androgens and estrogens True False

True

Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon raises it; they are antagonists True False

True

Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, and low blood pressure: Graves' disease goiter Addison's disease Cushing's syndrome

Addison's disease

The sex hormones are those that cause the secondary sex characteristics. True False

True

Glucocorticoids = Cortisol and Mineralocorticoids = Aldosterone True False

True

Aldosterone raises BP by reabsorbing salt, and ADH raises it by reabsorbing water. True False

True

The pancreas is an endocrine and an exocrine gland True False

True

High cortisol levels are found in Cushing's syndrome Addison's disease

Cushing's syndrome

Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas make insulin and glucagon True False

True

What tells the liver to start the gluconeogenesis process? Glycogen Insulin Glucagon

Glucagon

The pineal gland produces melanin estrogen melatonin thymosin

melatonin

Stress increases cortisol, so females can get a mustache True False

True

What disease is characterized by hypersecretion of glucocorticoidsGraves' disease Cushing's syndrome Diabetes insipidus Addison's disease

Cushing's syndrome

Pineal gland has mineral deposits used as a landmark in brain X-rays True False

True

Produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas? glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids epinephrine and norepinephrine insulin and glucagon aldosterone and cortisone

insulin and glucagon

What is the storage form of glucose? Insulin Gluconeogenesis Glucagon Glycogen

Glycogen

What heart hormone is an antagonist of aldosterone and prevents its release? glucagon antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) cortisol

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Stress increases cortisol, which increases sex hormones for the opposite sex True False

true

All organs try to RAISE blood pressure EXCEPT the heart, which wants to LOWER it. True False

true

The pancreas makes hormones (endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine) True False

true

Which is responsible for female secondary sex characteristics? FSH and LH Estrogen and Progesterone Progesterone Estrogen

Estrogen

The placenta is a temporary organ formed by the fetus in the uterus True False

True

When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases growth hormone insulin glucagon epinephrine

insulin

The penis is the primary sex organ in males True False

False The testes are the primary sex organ because they make testosterone

Decreases blood glucose levels glucocorticoids glucagon epinephrine insulin

insulin

Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones. True False

True

Placenta makes this so ovaries continue estrogen and progesterone to prevent menses oxytocin human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Steroid hormones made by female ovaries are luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone testosterone and estrogens gonadotropic hormones and thyrotropic hormones estrogens and progesterone

estrogens and progesterone

Glucagon acts as an antagonist (opposite) to insulin. True False

True

Which one thickens uterus lining to prepare for implantation by embryo? Estrogen and Progesterone FSH and LH Progesterone Estrogen

Progesterone

Produced by male testes, necessary for sperm production is estrogen testosterone prolactin cortisol

testosterone

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?development of heavy bones and muscles deepening of the voice growth of facial hair stimulation of the posterior pituitary

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Diabetes Mellitus= Type 1 (adult onset) and Type 2 (insulin dependent, childhood onset) True False

False

Glucagon raises blood glucose levels in two ways: Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis True False

True

What is the term for breaking down glycogen to make it glucose?Glucagon Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Ovaries release estrogen/progesterone in response to anterior pituitary gland. True False

True

Which type of diabetes is caused from lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)? Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus

Kidneys make this to stimulate production of red blood cells by the bone marrow Growth hormone erythropoietin Thymosin Renin

erythropoietin

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin. True False

False