chapter 13 Flashcards by Nicole Rodriguez

The respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.

True
False

true

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During ________, oxygen binds to hemoglobin

expiration
internal respiration
external respiration
cellular respiration

external respiration

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The presence of air in the intrapleural space

pleurisy
wheezing
atelectasis
pneumothorax

pneumothorax

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Which is NOT true of inspiration?

Contraction of the diaphragm increases the thoracic cavity.

Air continues to move into the lungs until pulmonary pressure equals atmospheric

The decreased pressure forcibly sucks air in.

Relaxation of the external intercostal muscles increases the thoracic cavity.

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What forms the respiratory membrane (air-blood barrier)?

terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles

systemic capillaries and cells of the body

the visceral and parietal pleura

the fused alveolar and pulmonary capillary walls

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The respiratory zone is the only site of gas exchange within the lungs.

True
False

True

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Made by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

nicotine
mucus
sebum
surfactant

surfactant

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Which involves the flow of air out of the lungs?

internal respiration
external respiration
expiration
inspiration

expiration

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Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?

external respiration
residual volume
internal respiration
pulmonary ventilation

residual volume

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The condition of a collapsed lung is known as

eupnea
atelectasis
pleurisy
pneumothorax

atelectasis

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Expiration (exhalation) occurs when

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract

intrapulmonary volume increases

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

air moves into the lungs

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

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Oxygen is transported in the blood as

carbonic acid
oxyhemoglobin
carbonic anhydrase
deoxyhemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin

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The most important stimulus for breathing

nitrous oxide
methane
carbon dioxide
oxygen

carbon dioxide

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What is the most common transport method for carbon dioxide?

carbon monoxide
bicarbonate ions
oxyhemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin

bicarbonate ions

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Inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.

True
False

False

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Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs by

active transport
simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

simple diffusion

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Movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward its area of higher concentration.

True
False

False

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Oxygen diffuses into surrounding cells during

internal respiration
pulmonary ventilation
external respiration
tidal volume

internal respiration

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Expiration: decreased intrapulmonary volume; increased intrapulmonary pressure

True
False

True

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Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide to produce ATP and oxygen.

True
False

False

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Changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a healthy person.

True
False

False

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What non-respiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli?

cough
hiccup
yawn
sneeze

yawn

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The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing

4800 mL
6000 mL
1200 mL
500 mL

500 mL

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Bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the lungs.

True
False

False

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Normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 mL of air. True False

True

The total amount of exchangeable air is the tidal volume vital capacity inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume

vital capacity

After a forceful expiration, amount of air still in the lungs 500 mL 4800 mL 6000 mL 1200 mL

1200 mL

What gas binds with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen? methane hydrogen sulfide nitrous oxide carbon monoxide

carbon monoxide

Wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus. True False

True

The air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing Inspiratory capacity Vital capacity Tidal volume Residual volume

Tidal volume

Laughing involves inspiration followed by a number of short expirations. True False

true

The respiratory rate in newborns is 30 respirations per minute 12-18 respirations per minute 20-25 respirations per minute 40-80 respirations per minute

40-80 respirations per minute

To return acidic blood pH to normal, breathing becomes hypoventilation hyperventilation dyspnea apnea

hyperventilation

Hypoventilation involves irregular breathing extremely fast breathing extremely slow breathing intermittent breathing

extremely slow breathing

What portions of the brain contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate? pons and cerebellum cerebrum and cerebellum medulla and pons thalamus and hypothalamus

medulla and pons

The innervation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles: cranial; spinal splanchnic; sacral trochlear; trigeminal phrenic; intercostal

phrenic; intercostal

Hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous. True False

True

What chemical normally provides the most important stimulus for breathing? increased carbon dioxide in the blood decreased carbon dioxide in the blood increased blood pH increased electrolyte concentration in the blood

increased carbon dioxide in the blood

Hyperventilation is the body's response to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood alkalosis increased blood pH increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Which nerves stimulate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract? splanchnic nerves phrenic and intercostal nerves somatic nerves vagus nerves

phrenic and intercostal nerves

The normal respiratory rate of 12-18 breaths per minute is known as eupnea dyspnea hyperpnea apnea

eupnea

Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT cyanosis dizziness fainting buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by both the hard and soft palate the nasal conchae the larynx the pharynx

both the hard and soft palate

The projections in the nasal cavity that warm the air paranasal sinuses conchae tonsils adenoids

conchae

Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa in the nasal cavity. True False

True

What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat? tonsils flagella cilia air turbulence

cilia

Paranasal sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity. True False

True

Paranasal sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity. True False

True

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae. True False

False

Where does gas exchange occur? alveoli nose trachea larynx

alveoli

The portion of the palate that is supported by bone glottis hard palate epiglottis soft palate

hard palate

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity? act as a resonance chamber for speech trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris lighten the skull increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity

trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT warm incoming air exchange gases purify air humidify air

exchange gases

From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

When breathing in, air enters the larynx through an opening called thyroid cartilage epiglottis glottis esophagus

glottis

Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses? sphenoid mandible maxilla ethmoid

mandible

Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the glottis larynx pharynx epiglottis

larynx

What part of the larynx is commonly called the Adam's apple? vocal folds (true vocal cords) glottis epiglottis thyroid cartilage

thyroid cartilage

Which passageways branch off of the trachea? bronchioles alveolar sacs alveolar ducts bronchi

bronchi

Which part of the larynx produces sounds when air passes by? vocal folds (true vocal cords) glottis thyroid cartilage epiglottis

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Venous blood in PULMONARY circulation is poor in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. True False

False

Where does gas exchange occur? alveoli nose larynx trachea

alveoli

Venous blood in SYSTEMIC circulation is poor in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. True False

True

The superior portion of each lung is the mediastinum pleura base apex

apex

Each main (primary) bronchus enters the lung at the apex. True False

False

The function of the rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea is to keep the airway open. True False

True

Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs? The left lung has two lobes. The bases rest on the diaphragm. The right lung has three lobes. Both lungs have two lobes

Both lungs have two lobes

Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli pulmonary ventilation inhalation external respiration internal respiration

external respiration

Which zone is where gas exchange occurs? conducting zone filtering zone terminal zone respiratory zone

respiratory zone

Alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli to engulf bacteria and debris. True False

True

The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi

Air flowing out of the lungs is expiration respiratory gas transport inspiration inhalation

expiration

What is the function of an alveolar macrophage? secrete mucus engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris sweep contaminated mucus and debris from the alveoli produce surfactant

engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris

Chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that respond to many irritants atelectasis pleurisy pneumothorax asthma

asthma

What are the smallest conducting passageways of the lungs? alveoli terminal bronchioles alveolar ducts main (primary) bronchi

terminal bronchioles

Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone? alveolar sacs respiratory bronchioles primary bronchus alveoli

primary bronchus

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs respiratory gas transport internal respiration cellular respiration pulmonary ventilation

pulmonary ventilation

The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs mediastinum visceral pleura pleurisy parietal pleura

visceral pleura

Which tissue forms the epiglottis? hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage fibrous cartilage thyroid cartilage

elastic cartilage

Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to hiccup cough sneeze speak

speak

What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system? moisten the air protect the body from infection. produce mucus which drains into the nasal cavities. humidify and warm incoming air.

protect the body from infection.

The thyroid cartilage prevents food from entering the opening of the larynx. True False

False

The opening between the vocal cords is known as the epiglottis. True False

False

The Eustachian tubes open into the palatopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx nasopharynx

nasopharynx

What protects the superior opening of the larynx? thyroid cartilage trachea glottis epiglottis

epiglottis

The portion of the pharynx continuous with the mouth is termed the oropharynx. True False

True

What routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech? larynx pharynx nasal conchae tongue

larynx

Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue? lingual laryngeal pharyngeal palatine

lingual

Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the nasopharynx oropharynx palatopharynx laryngopharynx

nasopharynx

The serous membrane around each lung is a parietal and visceral mediastinum peritoneum pleura pericardium

pleura

Which inspiratory muscles contract so we can inspire air? diaphragm; external obliques diaphragm; external intercostals rectus abdominis; external obliques trapezius; latissimus dorsi

diaphragm; external intercostals

he pleural membranes produce a slippery fluid known as serous fluid. True False

True

What is the most common cause of lung cancer? asthma smoking diet hereditary

smoking

Lung collapse is called wheezing rales pleurisy atelectasis

atelectasis

What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer? basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma melanoma

adenocarcinoma

Abnormal bronchial sound when mucus is in the lung passages? rales cough wheezing (rhonchi) pleural friction rub

wheezing (rhonchi)

Which is NOT a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Most patients have a history of smoking. Frequent pulmonary infections are common. Dyspnea becomes progressively more severe. Most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

Most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

Which non-respiratory air movement clears the entire upper respiratory passageways? hiccupping sneezing coughing yawning

coughing

The lack of adequate surfactant can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) adenocarcinoma asthma

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

The abbreviation IRDS stands for intermittent respiratory distress state infant respiratory distress syndrome infant respiratory disease syndrome intermittent respiratory disease syndrome

infant respiratory distress syndrome

Which of these disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs? pneumonia asthma emphysema sudden infant death syndrome

emphysema

Hypoxia produce characteristic signs of cyanosis and respiratory distress. True False

True

Which one of the following is false about lung cancer? Lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely. It only occurs in smokers. It is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. Most types of lung cancer are very aggressive.

It only occurs in smokers.

Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers" emphysema cystic fibrosis asthma chronic bronchitis

emphysema

The homeostatic imbalance associated with death of full-term newborns SIDS CF Asthma COPD

SIDS

Surfactant prevents lung collapse by lowering water surface tension True False

True