Chapter 7

Question 1

What effects the properties of molecules?

Answer 1

Their size and shape.

Question 2

What type of bonding occurs between non-metals?

Answer 2

Covalent bonding.

Question 3

What’s involved in covalent bonding?

Answer 3

The sharing of electrons.

Question 4

What is a single covalent bond?

Answer 4

The sharing of 2 electrons.

Question 5

What does a double bond involve?

Answer 5

The sharing of 4 electrons.

Question 6

What does a triple bond involve?

Answer 6

The sharing of 6 electrons.

Question 7

How many electrons are commonly in an atom’s outer shell?

Answer 7

8

Question 8

What are the valence electrons not involved in covalent bonding called?

Answer 8

Non-bonding electrons, or lone pairs.

Question 9

How do bonding and non-bonding pairs position themselves and why?

Answer 9

As far away as possible because they repel each other.

Question 10

How do double bonds behave?

Answer 10

As one set of negative charge.

Question 11

What determines the shape of a molecule?

Answer 11

All the electron pairs, although actual shape is determined by the bonding atoms only.

Question 12

Compare the size of covalent bonding within molecules to bonding between molecules

Answer 12

Bonding between covalent molecules is small compared to bonding within covalent molecules.

Question 13

What are the 3 main types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 13

Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attraction and hydrogen bonding.

Question 14

Which 2 types of intermolecular bonding only occur between polar molecules?

Answer 14

Dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding.

Question 15

What makes a molecule polar?

Answer 15

They are polar when they contain polar covalent bonds which are not symmetrically arranged around a central atom.

Question 16

What bonding is between atoms of different electronegativity?

Answer 16

Polar covalent bonding.

Question 17

What is electronegativity a measure of?

Answer 17

An element’s ability to attract electrons.

Question 18

When does hydrogen bonding occur?

Answer 18

When hydrogen is bonded to N, O, F.

Question 19

What kind of bonding occurs between polar and non-polar molecules?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonding.

Question 20

What effects the strength of dispersion forces?

Answer 20

Electrons in a molecule. The more electrons, the greater the dispersion force.

Question 21

What is a covalent lattice composed of?

Answer 21

Non-metal atoms covalently bonded to each other in 3D.

Question 22

What are the properties of substances with a covalent network lattice?

Answer 22

High melting points, not conductors of electricity and are hard.

Question 23

Describe the covalent structure of graphite

Answer 23

Covalent network lattice made up of carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other in 2D, creating layers held together with weaker dispersion forces.

Question 24

What are the properties of a substance with a covalent network lattice?

Answer 24

High melting point, conducts electricity and is hard in one dimension.

Question 25

Describe the forces of molecules in covalent molecular substances

Answer 25

Strong covalent bonds within the molecules and weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

Question 26

What are the properties of covalent molecular substances?

Answer 26

Low melting temperature and boiling temperature, not conductors of electricity, many are gasses or liquids at room temperature.