Chapter 7/9

Question 0

rods have __ color and __ acuity.

Answer 0

no; low

Question 1

the ___ changes shape when we look at different things. this is effected by the ____ ____.

Answer 1

lens. ciliary muscles

Question 2

cones have ___ color and ___ acuity

Answer 2

yes; high

Question 3

the axons of the __ cells make up the optic nerve.

Answer 3

ganglion

Question 4

___ is the photopigment in rods that responds to light.

Answer 4

rhodopsin

Question 5

___ inhibits photoreceptors cells.

Answer 5

light

Question 6

in light, Na+ channels are ___ (___).

Answer 6

closed (hyperpolarized).

Question 7

in light, Ca+ channels are ____.

Answer 7

closed

Question 8

photoreceptor adaptation takes more time from ___ to ___.

Answer 8

sunlight to dark

Question 9

the ___ is the point at which vision is most clear.

Answer 9

fovea

Question 10

the ___ are concentrated in the fovea, while the ___ are concentrated in the periphery.

Answer 10

cones; rods

Question 11

the ____ ____ is devoid of receptor cells because ganglion cell axons and blood vessels exit the eye there, causing the blind spot

Answer 11

optic disc

Question 12

the ___ ___ is the point at which the two optic nerves meet

Answer 12

optic chosen

Question 13

the part of the thalamus that received information from the optic tract and sends it to the occipital cortex:

Answer 13

the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus)

Question 14

STUDY THE VISUAL PATHWAYS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN IN FIG. 7.10.

Answer 14

OKAY.

Question 15

ON and OFF bipolar cells:

Answer 15

ON: inhibited by glutamate; depolarized by light; hyperpolarized by darkness

OFF: excited by glutamate; depolarized by darkness; hyperpolarized by light

Question 16

striate cortex (also known as V1):

Answer 16

the region of the occipital cortex where most visual info arrives

Question 17

extrastriate cortex:

Answer 17

visual cortex outside of the striate cortex

Question 18

simple cortical cells care about ___ and ___; complex cortical cells care about ___, ___, and ___

Answer 18

orientation/position; orientation/motion/direction

Question 19

what and where streams: ___ to ___.

Answer 19

occipital to frontal

Question 20

ventral stream is ___ stream: ____

Answer 20

what; recognition

Question 21

dorsal stream is ___ stream: _____

Answer 21

where; vision for movement, location

Question 22

theorists relate myopia to _____.

Answer 22

sunlight exposure

Question 23

____ is the body’s major source of energy.

Answer 23

glucose

Question 24

____ is stored in the body and liver.

Answer 24

glycogen

Question 25

____ mediates the storage of glycogen. it is also one of the hunger signals.

Answer 25

insulin

Question 26

____ converts glycogen into usable glucose.

Answer 26

glucagon

Question 27

different types of diabetes:

Answer 27

type 1: no production of insulin

type 2: no response to insulin/loss of sensitivity

Question 28

hormone: ____ in fat cells (satiety)- ___-term

Answer 28

leptin; long-term

Question 29

hormone: ____ in stomach (hunger)- ___-term

Answer 29

ghrelin; short-term

Question 30

hormone: ___ in intestine (satiety)- ___-term

Answer 30

PYY; short-term

Question 31

Leptin is in the ___ and deals with ___.

Answer 31

fat cells; satiety.

Question 32

Ghrelin is in the ___ and deals with ___,

Answer 32

stomach; hunger.

Question 33

PYY is in the ___ and deals with ___.

Answer 33

intestine; satiety.