Chapter 6

Question 1

Decibels vs. hertz:

Answer 1

Decibels measure loudness/amplitude; hertz measures pitch/frequency

Question 2

Pinna:

Answer 2

external part of the ear

Question 3

Eardrum! YAY!

Answer 3

WHOOP~

Question 4

Ossicles send vibrations from the eardrum to the ____ _____.

Answer 4

oval window

Question 5

The basilar membrane is located in the _____ and contains the primary receptor cells for _______.

Answer 5

cochlea; hearing

Question 6

The tectorial membrane is:

Answer 6

the membrane penetrated by the stereocilia

Question 7

Stereocilia:

Answer 7

relatively stiff hairs that protrude from hair cells in the auditory or vestibular systems

Question 8

STUDY THE MECHANISMS OF TRANSDUCTION A THE DORM.

Answer 8

OKAY.

Question 9

Hair cell afferents convey to the brain the ____ _____ that provide the perception of sounds.

Answer 9

action potentials

Question 10

Hair cell afferents make up about ___% of the fibers leading to the brain.

Answer 10

95

Question 11

Hair cell efferents lead from the brain to the hair cells. The OHCs change ___ in response to commands from the ____.

Answer 11

length; brain

Question 12

the tuning curve is:

Answer 12

a graph of the responses of a single auditory nerve fiver or neuron to sounds that vary in frequency and intensity

Question 13

the inferior colliculi are:

Answer 13

paired gray matter structures of the dorsal midbrain that process auditory information

Question 14

the inferior colliculi process ____ information

Answer 14

auditory

Question 15

the medial geniculate nuclei receive input from the ____ and send output to the _____.

Answer 15

inferior colliculi; auditory cortex

Question 16

tonotopic organization is from ___ frequency to ___ frequency.

Answer 16

low to high

Question 17

place coding determines place by

Answer 17

the location of activated hair cells along the basilar membrane

Question 18

temporal coding determines pitch by

Answer 18

the rate of firing of auditory neurons

Question 19

intensity differences are:

Answer 19

differences in loudness between the two ears, which the nervous system can use to localize a sound source

Question 20

sound shadow is cast by

Answer 20

the head

Question 21

latency differences are differences between the two ears in the ____ of _____ of a sound

Answer 21

time of arrival

Question 22

conduction deafness is associated with defects of the ____\____ ear

Answer 22

external\middle

Question 23

sensorineural deafness is caused by the destruction of ____.

Answer 23

hair cells

Question 24

central deafness occurs in the

Answer 24

auditory areas of the brain

Question 25

vestibular system detects:

Answer 25

balance

Question 26

vestibular system consists of:

Answer 26

small inner-ear structures that adjoin the cochlea

Question 27

proprioception is our sixth sense, which tells us:

Answer 27

how we know where we are in space

Question 28

muscle spindles notify us of when muscles change _____, whereas Golgi tendon organs notify us of when muscles change _____.

Answer 28

length/tension

Question 29

body sense is controlled by the:

Answer 29

somatosensory cortex

Question 30

the somatosensory cortex controls:

Answer 30

body sense

Question 31

flavors arise from ___ and ___ working together.

Answer 31

taste/smell

Question 32

taste buds:

Answer 32

clusters of 50-150 cells that detect tastes

Question 33

___ are small bumps that project from the surface of the tongue.

Answer 33

papillae

Question 34

approx. lifespan of taste cells

Answer 34

10-14 days

Question 35

STUDY LABELED LINE TASTE CODING PIC ON P162.

Answer 35

OKAY.

Question 36

the __ __ is a sheet of cells, including olfactory receptors, that lines the dorsal portion of the nasal cavities and adjacent regions

Answer 36

olfactory epithelium:

Question 37

there are 10 million __ __ __ in the olfactory epithelium.

Answer 37

olfactory receptor cells (or olfactory sensory neurons)

Question 38

Vomeronasal Organ/System detects:

Answer 38

pheromones

Question 39

pheromones are:

Answer 39

odorants produced by animals that influence other intraspecies animals