Chapter 7/9

Question 0

Tenement

Answer 0

Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments

Question 1

Urbanization

Answer 1

The movement of people to cities

Question 2

Labor union

Answer 2

Workers organization that eventually gained the right of voting for all working men

Question 3

Utopia

Answer 3

Impractical dreamers who tried to build self-sufficient communities where all work was shared and all property was owned in common

Question 4

Utilitarians

Answer 4

The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest of happiness for the greatest number” or its citizens.

Question 5

Means of production

Answer 5

The farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods

Question 6

Bessemer process

Answer 6

A process to purify iron ore and produce steel. Steel was lighter, harder, and more durable than iron

Question 7

Interchangeable parts

Answer 7

Identical components that could be used in place of one another

Question 8

Assembly line

Answer 8

Workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next

Question 9

Stock

Answer 9

Shares in their companies, to investors

Question 10

Corporation

Answer 10

Businesses that are ones by many investors who buy shares of stock

Question 11

Standard of living

Answer 11

Measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in society

Question 12

Social gospel

Answer 12

A movement that urged Christian to social service

Question 13

Capitalism

Answer 13

An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

An economic system in which government controls key industries, but still allows small privately owned companies

Question 15

Communism

Answer 15

The final step in Marx’s economic theory. An economic system in which all workers freely share in the profits from the products they make because they are equal owners.

Question 16

Who was Adam smith

Answer 16

Advocates for a free market with no government regulation.

Question 18

Which two theorists believed that the population would outpace the food supply

Answer 18

Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

Question 19

Who were the two main utillitarians

Answer 19

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Question 20

What was the Communist Manifesto and who created it

Answer 20

Karl Mark created it, and is was a reaction against the widening gap between the rich and the poor.

Question 21

What did Karl Marx believe in

Answer 21

a classless society

Question 22

This is a society where certain key industries are operated by the government.

Answer 22

Socialism

Question 23

This is a society where people do not all start at the same economic level. There is a free market. Companies are managed by shareholders or individuals

Answer 23

Capitalim

Question 24

What was the origin of species and who wrote it

Answer 24

Charles Darwin, and it stated that all living organisms evolve over the course of millions of years. Nature selects some species for extinction.

Question 25

what was social darwism

Answer 25

The thought that Darwins idea could be applied to humans. People looked at this idea and asked why some people were richer than others? They were better “Survival of the fittest” The rich shouldn’t help the poor; it interferes with the selection process.

Question 26

What were unions

Answer 26

groups that advocated for better pay, safer environments, and better hours for the working class.

Question 27

What was the Althorp’s Act

Answer 27

Banned employment of children younger than 9, children between the ages of 9-13 couldn’t work longer than 9 hours, and children between the ages of 13-18 couldn’t work longer than 12 hours.

Question 28

What are some of the ways health in cities was improved

Answer 28

Filters were used to purify water
Sewers were built
Cities hired street sweepers
soup kitchens were made

Question 29

Describe three ways that city life changed in the late 1800’s

Answer 29

Rebuilding the poor area in a city: George Haussann took down tenements and built wider roads with public buildings on them. Streets were paved: Gas lamps, and electrical street lights were built in order to make it safer to get around at night. Sewage systems: made cities helthier and more enjoyable places to live.

Question 30

What were the different social classes in the late 1800’s

Answer 30

Upper class, middle class, and lower class(peasants and workers)

Question 31

What was the cult of domesticity

Answer 31

A group of books, magazines, and popular songs that idealized women and the home. The ideal women was seen as a tender and self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest and a peaceful refuge for her husband and kids

Question 32

What arguments were made against extending rights to women

Answer 32

Some claimed that women were too emotional to be allowed to vote. Others said that women needed to be protected from politics or that the women’s place was in a home, not in government

Question 33

How did education improve in the late 1800s

Answer 33

More and more children were attending school, the quality of elementary schools improved and secondary schools expanded. Courses were added in science and industrial school had the knowledge to build the new industrial society

Question 34

How did Darwin’s theory challenge view’s on the origins of man

Answer 34

Igniting a debate that was revolved around evolution. To many christians, the bible contained the only account of creation where it said that god created the world and all forms of life in 6 days. Darwin’s theory reduced people to levels of animals and undermined belief in god and the soul.