Chapter 7

Question 1

How do infants learn?

Answer 1

They learn from what they see, hear, smell, taste and touch. They have the ability to remember what they learn.

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Learning based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a particular response with another stimulus that does elicit a response

Question 3

Operant Conditioning

Answer 3

Learning based on reinforcement or punishment

Question 4

Infants and Memory

Answer 4

Early events are not retained in memory because the brain is not yet developed enough to store them

Question 5

What does piagetian approach focus on

Answer 5

It focuses on (Perception, learning memory, and problem solving). The study of cognitive development that describes qualitative stages in cognitive function

Question 6

Sensori motor/ Circular Reaction

Answer 6

Sensori Motor: nerves or their actions) having or involving both sensory and motor functions or pathway

Circular Reaction: piaget term for processes in which an infant learns to reproduce desired occurrences originally discovered by chance

Question 7

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 7

First stage in cognitive development during which infants learn through senses and more activity

Question 8

Territory Circular Reaction

Answer 8

Varying an action to get a similar result rather than merely repeating pleasing behavior they accidentally discovered

Question 9

Deferred imitation

Answer 9

Piagets term for reproduction or an observed behavior after the passage of time by calling up a stored symbol of it

Question 10

When does object permanence and other abilities when does they first occur???

Answer 10

It develops during the sensorimotor stage, (8-12months) for object permanence to appear.

Question 11

Object permanence

Answer 11

Pingers term for understanding that a person or object still exists out of sight

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

Type of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces slows or stops a response

Question 13

Explicit Memory

Answer 13

Intentional and conscious memory, generally of facts names and events; sometimes called Declarative Memory.

Question 14

Lev Vygotsky /Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 14

Lev Vygotsky: children learn by interacting with adults.

Pros. development: The gap between what they know and can do by themselves and what they know and need help with.

Question 15

Two word sentences: Telegraphic Speech

Answer 15

Early form of sentence use consisting of only a few essential words

Question 16

Holophrase

Answer 16

Single word that conveys a complete thought

Question 17

Overextending

Answer 17

By using words in too board of a category

Question 18

Overregulazation

Answer 18

is a language error but it nonetheless illustrates children’s growing knowledge of syntax

Question 19

Noam Chromsky/ Language Acquisition Device

Answer 19

created an theory called Nativism. Nativism is an theory that human being have an in born capacity for language acquisition

Language Acquisition Device: in Chomsky terminology an inborn mechanism that enables children to infer linguistic rules from the language they hear

Question 20

How to help a child develop language

Answer 20

Language exposure helps shape the developing brain and then the developing brain helps the infant learn the language.