Chapter 3

Question 1

Fertilization/Conception

Answer 1

Fertilization or conception is the process by which sperm and ovum- The Male and Female Gametes or sex cells- Combines to create a zygote

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

One celled organism resulting from fertilization

Question 3

Science of Genetics

Answer 3

Is the study of heredity: the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 4

How Many Pairs of Chromosomes Does a “Normal”

Person Have?

Answer 4

Each Child Gets 23 chromosomes from each parent. 23 Chromosomes from your Mother, and 23 Chromosomes from your Father.

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

smaller segments of DNA located in definite positions on a particular chromosomes; functional units of heredity.

Question 6

Role of Heredity and Environment

Answer 6

Here and the environment is quantitative. It seeks to measure how much a trait in a given population is influenced by heredity and how much is influenced by the environment.

Question 7

Autosomes

Answer 7

22 pairs of chromosomes not related to sexual expression

Question 8

Sex Chromosomes for male and female

Answer 8

Pair of chromosomes that determine sex; XX in the normal human female, and XY in the normal human male.

Question 9

Alleles

Answer 9

Two or more alt. forms of a gene that can occupy the same position on paired chromosomes and affect the same trait

Question 10

Recessive Inheritance

Answer 10

A pattern of inheritance in which a child receives identical recessive alleles, resulting in expression of a nondominant trait

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Possessing two identical alleles for a trait

Question 12

Multifactorial Transmission

Answer 12

Combination of genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits

Question 13

Phenotype & Genotype

Answer 13

Phenotype: The Observable Characteristics in which your,
Genotype: Underlying genetic makeup is expressed

Question 14

Down Syndrome

Answer 14

Chromosomal Disorder characterized by moderate-to-severe mental retardation and by such physical signs as a downward sloping skin fold at the inner corners of the eyes

Question 15

Karyotype

Answer 15

A karyotype is a photograph that shows the chromosomes when they are separated and aligned for cell division.

Question 16

Sex-Linked Inheritance

Answer 16

A pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to the male and female offspring.

Question 17

Non-Shared Environment effects

Answer 17

The unique environment in which each child grows up consisting of distinctive influences or influences that affect one child differently from another.