Chapter 7

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

any of a class of molecules that contains a carbonyl group, several hydroxyl groups, and multiple carbon-hydrogen bonds. Same as sugar.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

all the content of a cell bounded by the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus (if present)

Question 3

Flagella

Answer 3

A long, cellular projection that undulates or rotates to move the cell through on aqueous environment

Question 4

Hydrophilic

Answer 4

Likes water, These compounds are polar compounds containing partially or fully charged atoms.

Question 5

Nucleic Acid

Answer 5

a macromolecule composed of mucleotide monomers. Used by cells to store or transmit hereditary info. Includes ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 6

Phylogeny

Answer 6

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

A macromolecule consisting of one or more polypeptides chains composed of 50 or more amino acids linked together. Each has a unique sequence of amino acids and generally possesses a characteristic 3-D shape.

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

A fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archaea and many eukaryotes

Question 9

Cytoskeleton

Answer 9

In eukaryotic cells, a neterok of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that are involved in cell shape, support, locomotion, and transport of materials within the cell.

Question 10

Fluid Mosaic

Answer 10

this model that is widely accepted hypothesis that cellular membranes consist of proteins embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer.

Question 11

Hydrophobic

Answer 11

Hates water, Non-polar molecules. Tail of lipid.

Question 12

Nucleoid

Answer 12

In prokaryotic cells, a dense, centrally located region that contains DNA but is not surrounded by a membrane

Question 13

Plasma Membrane

Answer 13

A membrane that surrounds a cell, separating in from the external environment and selectively regulating passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

large macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins by using the genetic info encoded in messenger RNA, consists of 2 subunits, each coposed of ribosomal RNA and Proteins

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

Gene-carrying structure consisting of a single long molecule of double-stranded DNA and associated proteins. Most prokaryotic cells contain a single, circular chromosome. Eukaryotic cells contain multiple noncircular chromosomes located in the nucleus.

Question 16

Fimbriae

Answer 16

A long, needle like projection from the cell membrane of bacteria that is involved in attachment to nonliving surfaces or other cells

Question 17

Peptidoglycan

Answer 17

Complex structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls

Question 18

Morphology

Answer 18

The overall shape and appearance of an organism and its component parts

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons. In eukaryotic cells, contains chromosomes and surrounded by a double membrane. A clump of neuron cell bodies in the brain.

Question 20

Plasmid

Answer 20

A small, usually circular, supercoiled DNA molecues independent of the cell’s main chromosome(s) in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes

Question 21

Selectively Permeable

Answer 21

Property of a membrane that allows some substances to diffuse across it much more readily than other substances.