Chapter 27

Question 1

Alveolata

Answer 1

a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Product of a sperm cell and an egg cell.

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

Sperm or egg cells (both being haploid), one of each fuse together to form a diploid zygote.

Question 4

Opisthokonta

Answer 4

Broadgroup of eukaryotes, including both animal and fungus kingdoms

Question 5

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 5

Any form of reproduction in which genes from 2 parents are combined via fusion of gametes, producing offspring that are genetically distinct from both parents. Happens internally and externally

Question 6

Primary Producers

Answer 6

Organisms that creates its own food by photosynthesis or from reduced inorganic compounds and that is a food source for other species in its ecosystem.

Question 7

Amoeboid

Answer 7

Denoting or characteristic of an ameaba

Question 8

Dinoflagellates

Answer 8

a single-celled organism with 2 flagella, occurring in large numbers in marine plankton and also found in fresh water. Some produce toxins that accumulates in shellfish, poisoning when eaten. Creates the “Red Tide”

Question 9

Fertilization

Answer 9

Fusion of the nuclei of 2 gametes (often haploid) to form a zygote with a nucleus (often diploid). Exceptions to the haploid and diploid rule are seen in polyploid species.

Question 10

Gametophyte

Answer 10

In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multi cellular haploid form that arises from a single haploid spore and produces gametes by mitosis cell division.

Question 11

Paraphyletic

Answer 11

A group that includes an ancestral population and some but not all of its descendants

Question 12

Plantae

Answer 12

The monophyletic group that includes red, green, and glaucophyte algae, as well as land plants.

Question 13

Pseudopodia

Answer 13

A temporary bulge-like extension of certain protist cells used in cell crawling and ingestion of food

Question 14

Amoebozoa

Answer 14

Large taxonomic group containing about 2400 described species of amoeboid protists. Raned as a phylum in either kingdom protist or protozoa

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

Having 2 sets of chromosomes (2n); A cell or an organism with 2 sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from the mother and one set from the father

Question 16

Flagellum

Answer 16

A long, cellular projection that undulates (in eukaryotes) or rotates (in prokaryotes) to move the cell through an aqueous environment

Question 17

Global Carbon Cycle

Answer 17

The movement of carbon among terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, and the atmosphere

Question 18

Phagocytosis

Answer 18

Uptake by a cell of small particles or cells by invagination and pinching off of the plasma membrane to form small, membrane-bound vesicles

Question 19

Sporophyte

Answer 19

In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that developes by mitotic division after fertilization produced a zygote

Question 20

Red Tide

Answer 20

Discoloration in sea water caused by a bloom of toxic red dinoflagellates

Question 21

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 21

Any form of reproduction where offspring inherit DNA from only one parent. Includes Binary fission, budding, and parthenogenesis.

Question 22

Endosymbiosis Theory

Answer 22

the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes that were engulfed by host cells and took up a symbiotic existence within those cells, a process termed primary endosymbiosis; that is, when a cell engulfed a chloroplast- containing protist and retained its chloroplasts

Question 23

Formaniferans

Answer 23

Single-celled planktonic animal with chalky shell through which slender protrusions of protoplasm extend

Question 24

Haploid

Answer 24

Having one set of chromosomes; A cell or an individual organism with one set of chromosomes

Question 25

Straminopila

Answer 25

major line or eukaryotes. Most are algae; ranging from giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms

Question 26

Plasmodium

Answer 26

Parasitic protaozoan of a genus which includes those causing malaria

Question 27

Spore

Answer 27

Single haploid cell produced by meiosis; it is distinct from a gamete, however, in being able to grow into a multicellular haploid organism through mitotic divisions directly.