Chapter 7 & 8 Test

Question 1

Microfilaments

Answer 1

Threadlike structures made up of protein called actin - provides tough, flexible framework that supports the cell

Question 2

Microtubules

Answer 2

Hollow “tubes” made up of proteins called tubulins - maintain cell shape, helps build cilia and flagella

Question 3

Vesicles

Answer 3

Store and move material between cell organelles as well as to and from the cell surface

Question 4

Vacuoles

Answer 4

Large, saclike membrane enclosed structures - store materials like water, salts, proteins and carbos

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release to the outside

Question 7

Cell walls

Answer 7

Support, provide shapes protect. Most pro and eu have. Not animal

Question 8

Cell membranes

Answer 8

Made up of lipid bi-layer - regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 9

Cell membrane is semi-permeable. Explain

Answer 9

Some substances can pass through cell membrane while others cannot

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
-A type of Facilitated Diffusion

Question 11

Diffusion

Answer 11

Process by which partículas move from more concentrated area to less concentrated area

Question 12

Pigment

Answer 12

Any substance that absorbs light

Question 13

Chlorophyll

Answer 13

The plants main pigment
2 types:
Chlorophyll a: reflects blue-green
Chlorophyll b: reflects yellow-green

Question 14

Where is Chlorophyll?

Answer 14

Located inside organelles called chloroplasts

Question 15

Stroma - fluid portion of chloroplasts

Answer 15

Granum - Stacks of Thylakoids

Question 16

Photosystem

Answer 16

Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

Question 17

The light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

Answer 17

During the Light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to produce high-energy sugars

Question 18

What factors affect photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Temperature, light, and water

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

Process by which plants capture light energy and use to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars