Chapter 11

Question 1

Cross polynation

Answer 1

Reproduction of one plant with another plant

Question 2

Hybrids

Answer 2

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 3

Cross pollination is allowing…

Answer 3

One plant to reproduce with another

Question 4

Mendel prevented self pollination by

Answer 4

Snipping off anther and filament (Male parts) (Polen = sperm)

Question 5

Parent =

Filial =

Answer 5

P1

F1

Question 6

Principal of dominance

Answer 6

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 7

An individuals characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. Today we call those factors

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

Different forms of a gene

A single gene has two contrasting varieties

Question 9

Gene =

Allele =

Answer 9

Height

Short or tall

Question 10

Laws of segregation (2)

Answer 10

1. Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, one form each parent
2. Organisms donate only one copy of eac gene, thus 2 copies of each gene segregate or separate during meiosis

Question 11

Each gamete only donates

Answer 11

One allele for each gene

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

Physical traits (tall, short, round, wrinkled)

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

Genetic make up or type of alleles

Question 14

The genotype is inherited and the phenotype is determined

Answer 14

Primarily by the genotype

Question 15

Independent assortment

Answer 15

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

Red flower (RR) and white flower (WW) end result pink flower

Question 17

Codominance

Answer 17

Red flower and white flower make white and red flower

Question 18

A trait is a…

Answer 18

Specific characteristic such as color or height. Pea plants have 7 traits

Question 19

Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be

Answer 19

Polygenic traits

Question 20

A process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 20

MEIOSIS

Question 21

At the end of prophase 1 a spindle forms and attaches to each

Answer 21

Tetrad - trade (crossing over of) alleles

Question 22

A pairing of chromosomes creates a structure called a

Answer 22

Tetrad.

A tetrad contains 4 chromatids

Question 23

Metaphase - homologous chromosomes…

Answer 23

Line up across the center of the cell

Question 24

Anaphase 1

Answer 24

Spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes

Question 26

Meiosis 1 results

Answer 26

Results in 2 daughter cells. The two cells that have been produced by Meiosis 1 have sets of chromosomes and alleles that are different from each other and from the diploid cell that entered meiosis 1

Question 27

Meiosis 2

Answer 27

Neither cell goes through a round of chromosome replication

Question 28

What is the main difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 28

The number of chromosome sets found in the nucleus

Question 29

Diploid

Answer 29

A cell with two complete and identical chromosome sets

Question 30

Haploid

Answer 30

These are cels with only one chromosome set

Question 31

Result of Meiosis 2

Answer 31

The result is 4 Haploid daughter cells

Question 32

At the end of mitosis, you get two daughter cells with..

Answer 32

The same amount of DNA or chromosomes as the parent cells called diploid cells - represented by 2n

Question 33

At the end of meiosis, you get

Answer 33

4 daughter cells, half the chromosomes, haploid cells

Question 34

Genetic linkage

Answer 34

The tendency of all alleles of different genes that are closely together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction