Chapter 10 Flashcards
Chromosome
threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information - make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division
Cytokinesis
Completes the process of cell division and splits the cell in 2
Apoptosis
The process of programmed cell death
Cancer is caused by:
Defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division
What is a cyclin/cyclins?
A family of proteins present in cells during mitosis. - They regulate the timing of the cycle
During the cell cycle, the cell: (3)
- Grows
- Prepares for division
- Divides into 2 daughter cells
Prokaryote chromosomes:
- lack a nuclei
- their DNA is found in the cytoplasm
- Contain a single circular DNA chromosome
Eukaryote Chromosomes
Have much more DNA then prokaryotes
Contain multiple chromosomes
DNA + Histones =
Nucleosomes
Nucleosomes are further folded to form:
Chromatin
Chromatin:
Substance that consists of DNA coiled around Histones - primary purpose is to compress DNA into a compact unit so it can fit in the nucleus
*Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division
*Cell cycle is separated into 2 major parts: Interphase and Cell division
During what phase is DNA replicated?
S phase
During what phase do cells do most of their growing?
G1 Phase
Cell division occurs in 2 phases:
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
The Nucleolus disappears and reappears in which 2 phases?
Disappears in Prophase and reappears in Telophase
Sister Chromatids separate during which phase?
Anaphase
The rate at which food and oxygen are used up and waste products are produced depends on the cell’s:
Volume
