Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology exam 3 > chapter 7 & 8- skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 7 & 8- skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 bones that make up the cranium?

A

occipital, parietal (2), frontal, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 14 bones that make up the face?

A

mandible, vomer, maxillary (2), palatine (2), nasal (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the suture located between the occipital bone & parietal bones?

A

lambdoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the bones that contain sinuses?

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, palatine, maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

at what age does the cranium reach maximum size?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are in a human?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what counts as one bone in the adult human but is composed of 5 fused vertebrae?

A

sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine?

A

scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

there is no intervertebral disc between which two vertebrae?

A

C1 & C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the gel-like material inside the annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc?

A

nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the vertebral foramen is the hole through which the what passes?

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a lack of folic acid early in pregnancy can lead to what in the fetus, a condition where the vertebral arch fails to develop?

A

spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many of the 24 ribs don’t attach at all to the sternum?

A

4 (floating ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the names of the 2 bones of the antebrachial region?

A

ulna & radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many carpal bones are in one human wrist?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many phalanges are in one human foot?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the big bone that spans from the hip to the knee?

A

femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many bones are in the human skeleton?

A

206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

axial skeleton

A

longitudinal axis with 80 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

-limbs with 126 bones
-consists of limbs & limb girdles to provide movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

axial skeleton functions

A
  1. support & protect organs in dorsal & ventral body cavities
  2. provide surface area for muscle attachment
    a. adjust position of head, neck & trunk
    b. perform respiratory movements
    c. stabilize appendicular skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

skull (26 bones)

A

-cranium: occipital (1), parietal (2), frontal (1), temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid
-face: maxillary (2), palatine (2), nasal (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), mandible
-auditory ossicles (6)
-hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sutures

A

skull bones interconnect at immovable joints (dense fibrous C.T.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lambdoid suture

A

separates occipital bone from parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

coronal suture

A

separates occipital bone from parietal bones

26
Q

sagittal suture

A

separates parietal bones

27
Q

squamous suture

A

2 of them separates temporal bone from parietal bone

28
Q

sinuses

A

air-filled chambers inside flat bones

29
Q

function of sinuses

A
  1. reduce the weight of bone
  2. house mucus membranes that moisten & clean incoming air
30
Q

where are the sinuses located?

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, palatine & maxillary bones

31
Q

skull development

A

-intramembranous ossification from many centers of ossification
-brain grows more rapidly than cranial bones
-growing skull bones held together by bands of fibrous C.T. to provide flexibility(expansion of brain, compression for birth)
-around age 5 brain stops growing in size solid sutures form between cranial bones

32
Q

fontanels (soft spots)

A

large intersections of C.T. between bones, persist until age 5

33
Q

craniostenosis

A

premature closure of fontanels, w/o surgery brain is crushed

34
Q

microcephaly

A

the brain fails to enlarge, cranium remains small

35
Q

vertebral column

A

-7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
-12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
-5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
-1 sacrum (5 fused)
-1coccyx (3-5 fused)

36
Q

why is the vertebral column not straight?

A

4 curves bring weight of body in the line with central axis

37
Q

primary curves

A

-thoracic & sacral
-present at birth
-accommodate organs

38
Q

secondary curves

A

-lumbar & cervical
-appear in first year
-necessary for bipedalism
*cervical = hold head up
*lumbar = standing

39
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated thoracic curvature

40
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curvature

41
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature

42
Q

vertebral body (construction of column)

A

stacking

43
Q

intervertebral disc (construction of column)

A

spacing between bodies (not C1-C2)

44
Q

annulus fibrous (intervertebral discs)

A

fibrocartilage, outside

45
Q

nucleus pulpous (intervertebral discs)

A

gel, inside (cushion)

46
Q

shrinking height

A

loss of water from discs

47
Q

elastic ligaments

A

link bodies for alignment

48
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

holes formed by spacing from discs, allow spinal nerves to exit column

49
Q

vertebral arch

A

bone attached to vertebral body, with the body forming vertebral forman

50
Q

vertebral foramen

A

hole for spinal cord

51
Q

vertebral canal

A

bony canal for spinal cord formed by stacking of vertebral foramen

52
Q

spina bifida

A

vertebral arch fails to develop correctly at 3 weeks (fetus) & spinal cord is unprotected or even exposed, 4/1000 births show some degree (lack of folic acid)

53
Q

thoracic cage

A

-25 bones
-1 sternum & 24 ribs

54
Q

true ribs

A

7 pairs of separate costal cartilage to attach to sternum

55
Q

false ribs

A

3 pairs of common shared costal cartilage to attach to sternum

56
Q

floating ribs

A

2 pairs having no cartilage, no attachment to sternum

57
Q

pectoral girdle

A

-4 bones
-clavicles (2) & scapula (2)

58
Q

upper limbs

A

-60 bones
-humerus (2), radius (2), ulna (2), carpal bones (16), metacarpal (10), phalanges (28- proximal, middle, distal
-> proximal/distal for thumbs only)

59
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

-any inflammation = pressure on nerves leading to pain
-carpal arranged into rows of 4 bones
-create a U shape enclosed by the flexor retinaculum (ligament)
-all tendons, vessels & nerves of hand must pass through channel between bones & ligament (no extra space)

60
Q

pelvic girdle

A

-2 bones
-os coxae (2)

61
Q

pelvis (anatomical)

A

pelvic girdle (2 os coxae) + sacrum + coccyx

62
Q

lower limbs

A

-60 bones
-femur (2), patella (2), tibia (2), fibula (2), tarsals (14), metatarsals (10), phalanges (28)

anatomy and physiology exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions