chapter 11- muscular system

Question 1

the fascicle arrangement of what muscle allows for the muscle to move the load over a great distance?

Answer 1

parallel

Question 2

explain the fascicle arrangement of a convergent muscle?

Answer 2

spread out on one end, all bunched together at the other

Question 3

which fascicle arrangement is best for producing the most tension?

Answer 3

pennate

Question 4

a concentric arrangement of fascicles describes what muscle?

Answer 4

circular (sphincter)

Question 5

what is the place on the skeletal system where the moveable end of a muscle attaches?

Answer 5

insertion

Question 6

is the term “move” an appropriate action term for a muscle, explain?

Answer 6

no, action is a specific movement (ex: flex, extend, abduct, etc.), and the part being acted upon (ex: flex elbow)

Question 7

the prime mover in muscle group is called what?

Answer 7

agonist

Question 8

if two muscles had the same name regarding location and action but one was called profundus and other superficialis, what would you know about their location relative to each other?

Answer 8

superficialis would be stacked over the top of profundus

Question 9

when the name of a muscle is derived from its origin and insertion, which part comes first in the name?

Answer 9

origin

Question 10

what is the function of an antagonist in a muscle group responsible for a particular action?

Answer 10

fine-tune the movement

Question 11

muscle organization

Answer 11

-groups of fiber organized into fascicles
-fibers in fascicle run parallel to fascicle but fascicle can be arranged in 4 different shapes with respect to tendon

Question 12

parallel muscles (muscle organization)

Answer 12

-fascicles run parallel to length of muscle
-most skeletal muscle arranged this way
-able to change length extensively
-can move load over a great distance

Question 13

convergent muscles (muscle organization)

Answer 13

-fascicles spread out like fan on one end and converge to single point on other
-produces less tension & distance than parallel muscle
-independent contraction of fascicles can produce different movements from same muscle
-provides versatility

Question 14

pennate muscles (“feather like”) (muscle organization)

Answer 14

-fascicles are arranged at an angle to tendon
-pennate muscle produce more tension than parallel muscles but can’t move as far

Question 15

unipennate

Answer 15

fascicles angled on one side of tendon

Question 16

bipennate

Answer 16

tendon in middle with angled fascicles on either side

Question 17

multipennate

Answer 17

branched tendon with fascicles organized around each branch

Question 18

circular muscles (sphincters)

Answer 18

-concentric arrangement of fascicles
-function to decrease diameter of openings, guard entrances & exits

Question 19

orgin

Answer 19

where the fixed end of muscle attaches to bone, cartilage, or CT

Question 20

insertion

Answer 20

where the moveable end attaches

Question 21

action

Answer 21

specific movement produced by the muscle during contraction

Question 22

why do muscles work in groups?

Answer 22

-increase tension or fine-tune movement
-different muscles serve different function

Question 23

agonist

Answer 23

prime mover, muscle most responsible for the specific action

Question 24

synergist

Answer 24

a muscle with the same action as the agonist, assists agonist at the beginning of contraction when fiber length isn’t optimal for agonist

Question 25

antagonist

Answer 25

a muscle whose action opposes the agonist: produces the opposite action to fine-tune movement by the agonist

Question 26

what are the names of muscles derived from?

Answer 26

their features

Question 27

location (name of muscles derived from)

Answer 27

-named for the part of body where
-ex: brachii, abdominis

Question 28

fascicle organization (name of muscles derived from)

Answer 28

-named for how fascicles are organized to body
-ex: rectus = straight/ obligque=angle

Question 29

relative position (name of muscles derived from)

Answer 29

-named for depth when layered
-ex: externus/superficials = top, surface, internus/profundus = deep

Question 30

structure, size & shape (name of muscles derived from)

Answer 30

a. number of tendons
ex: triceps, biceps
b. shape of muscle
ex: trapezius=trapezoid
deltoid=triangle
soleus=fish
c. size of muscle relative to others
major=bigger
maximus=biggest
longus=long
vastus=great

Question 31

origin & insertion

Answer 31

name of regions of attachment, origin first, insertion second
-ex: sternocleidomastoid
origin=manubrium of sternum & medial clavicles
insertion=mastoid process

Question 32

action

Answer 32

named for action performed & region acted upon
-ex: extensor digitorum

Question 33

flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 33

multiple naming schemes are combined to name the muscle