chapter 7/8 Flashcards
purpose for classification?
- order in universe
- convenient
- express ancestral relationship (evolution)
dichotomous key?
a tool of classification using a series of paired contrasting statements
what is meant by a
“binomial nomenclature”system?
it is a two name system of classification in Latin
ex Human= Homosapien (genus,species)
levels of classification?
kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species
5 different kingdoms?
- Monera: unicellular/multicellular
- protists:unicellular/multicellular
- Fungi:unicellular/multicellular feeds on organic matter
- plants:multicellular, produces own food
- Animals: multicellular, needs to obtain food from other sources
phylogeny?
a study of phylogenesis
evolution and diversity of a species
advantages of using scientific names?
- recognized by scientists throughout the world
- each species= one name
- related creatures may have the same genus but different species name
is a virus living?
they can reproduce but only in a host cell
virus characteristics?
-composed of capsid and a price of nucleus acid
-bacteriophage =infect bacteria
plant virus=infect plants
host range?
a virus infects/parasites a particular host cell
Lyric cycle?
bursts open a cell and is short term and can be treated
Lysogenic cycle?
infects…reproduction…
wakes up…bursts open ,long term and hard to treat
ways body defends itself?
(non-specific) external defense -skin. -mucous internal defense -fever (specific) internal response -cellular warning system antibodies
how does a vaccine work?
taking a sample of dead/similar part of virus=encourages antibody protection
retro virus?
a group of ran viruses that insert a fan copy of their genome into the host cell to replicate
why are microbes important
some microbes,pathogens, make you sick others can break down fiber in your gut
by studying it we can know why and how to cure/use sickness and benefits
5 characteristics of Monera?
- prokaryotic
- single cellular
- single chromosome+plasmids
- reproduce by binary fission
- shows great metabolic diversity
3 shape of bacteria?
circular=cocci
rod shaped = bacilli
spiral shaped= sperilla
obligate anaerobes?
any grow in absence of oxygen
obligate aerobes?
bacteria must have oxygen
facultative anaerobes m?
grow with or withought oxygen
fermentation?
glucose broken doe withought oxygen
binary fission?
splitting into two offspring
fermentation or cellular respiration produces more energy?
cellular respiration produces more energy because it fully breaks down carbon bonds
endoscope formation?
survival mode of replication. form an endospore (Dna in tough protein capsule) when cell does the endospore remains waiting to germinate in right conditions
pathogens?
bacteria virus or other micro organisms that can cause disease
antibiotics?
chemical produced synthetically or by microorganisms a that inhibit growth or destroy certain other microorganisms
how does antibiotic resistance appear/occur?
develops from mutations within a bacteria population
difference between antiseptic and disinfectant ?
antiseptic: chemical agents to prevent infection
disinfectant: chemical agents user to disinfect
charecterisisct of protists?
- microscopic
- unicellular
- eukaryotic
compare heterotrophs and autotrophs
heterotrophs: obtain food produced by others
autotrophs: produce own food by photosynthesis+ chemosynthesis
3 main phyla of plant like protists?
1.euglenophyta (euglenids) 2.chrysophytagolden (brown algae and diatoms) 3.pyrrophtya (dinoflagellates)
function of eyespot?
detects light
contractile vacuole?
helps remove excess water
4 main phyla of animal protists?
- phylum sarcodina(amoeba)
- phylum Mastigophora(typanosoma)
- phylum ciliaphora(paramecium)
- phylum sporozoa(plasmodium)
endoplasm vs ectoplasm?
endoplasm=clear outer cytoplasmic layer
endoplasm= inner granule-rich cytoplasm
pseudopodia?
“false feet” temporary cytoplasm-filled parts of cell wall that change form to move/find food
what is taxonomy?
the science of classification