chapter 7/8

Question 1

purpose for classification?

Answer 1

• order in universe
• convenient
• express ancestral relationship (evolution)

Question 2

dichotomous key?

Answer 2

a tool of classification using a series of paired contrasting statements

Question 3

what is meant by a

“binomial nomenclature”system?

Answer 3

it is a two name system of classification in Latin

ex Human= Homosapien (genus,species)

Question 4

levels of classification?

Answer 4

kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

Question 5

5 different kingdoms?

Answer 5

1. Monera: unicellular/multicellular
2. protists:unicellular/multicellular
3. Fungi:unicellular/multicellular feeds on organic matter
4. plants:multicellular, produces own food
5. Animals: multicellular, needs to obtain food from other sources

Question 6

phylogeny?

Answer 6

a study of phylogenesis

evolution and diversity of a species

Question 7

advantages of using scientific names?

Answer 7

• recognized by scientists throughout the world
• each species= one name
• related creatures may have the same genus but different species name

Question 8

is a virus living?

Answer 8

they can reproduce but only in a host cell

Question 9

virus characteristics?

Answer 9

-composed of capsid and a price of nucleus acid
-bacteriophage =infect bacteria
plant virus=infect plants

Question 10

host range?

Answer 10

a virus infects/parasites a particular host cell

Question 11

Lyric cycle?

Answer 11

bursts open a cell and is short term and can be treated

Question 12

Lysogenic cycle?

Answer 12

infects…reproduction…

wakes up…bursts open ,long term and hard to treat

Question 13

ways body defends itself?

Answer 13

(non-specific)
external defense
-skin.       -mucous
internal defense
-fever
(specific)
internal response
-cellular warning system
antibodies

Question 14

how does a vaccine work?

Answer 14

taking a sample of dead/similar part of virus=encourages antibody protection

Question 15

retro virus?

Answer 15

a group of ran viruses that insert a fan copy of their genome into the host cell to replicate

Question 16

why are microbes important

Answer 16

some microbes,pathogens, make you sick others can break down fiber in your gut

by studying it we can know why and how to cure/use sickness and benefits

Question 17

5 characteristics of Monera?

Answer 17

1. prokaryotic
2. single cellular
3. single chromosome+plasmids
4. reproduce by binary fission
5. shows great metabolic diversity

Question 18

3 shape of bacteria?

Answer 18

circular=cocci
rod shaped = bacilli
spiral shaped= sperilla

Question 19

obligate anaerobes?

Answer 19

any grow in absence of oxygen

Question 20

obligate aerobes?

Answer 20

bacteria must have oxygen

Question 21

facultative anaerobes m?

Answer 21

grow with or withought oxygen

Question 22

fermentation?

Answer 22

glucose broken doe withought oxygen

Question 23

binary fission?

Answer 23

splitting into two offspring

Question 24

fermentation or cellular respiration produces more energy?

Answer 24

cellular respiration produces more energy because it fully breaks down carbon bonds

Question 25

endoscope formation?

Answer 25

survival mode of replication. form an endospore (Dna in tough protein capsule) when cell does the endospore remains waiting to germinate in right conditions

Question 26

pathogens?

Answer 26

bacteria virus or other micro organisms that can cause disease

Question 27

antibiotics?

Answer 27

chemical produced synthetically or by microorganisms a that inhibit growth or destroy certain other microorganisms

Question 28

how does antibiotic resistance appear/occur?

Answer 28

develops from mutations within a bacteria population

Question 29

difference between antiseptic and disinfectant ?

Answer 29

antiseptic: chemical agents to prevent infection disinfectant: chemical agents user to disinfect

Question 30

charecterisisct of protists?

Answer 30

- microscopic - unicellular - eukaryotic

Question 31

compare heterotrophs and autotrophs

Answer 31

heterotrophs: obtain food produced by others autotrophs: produce own food by photosynthesis+ chemosynthesis

Question 32

3 main phyla of plant like protists?

Answer 32

``` 1.euglenophyta (euglenids) 2.chrysophytagolden (brown algae and diatoms) 3.pyrrophtya (dinoflagellates) ```

Question 33

function of eyespot?

Answer 33

detects light

Question 34

contractile vacuole?

Answer 34

helps remove excess water

Question 35

4 main phyla of animal protists?

Answer 35

1. phylum sarcodina(amoeba) 2. phylum Mastigophora(typanosoma) 3. phylum ciliaphora(paramecium) 4. phylum sporozoa(plasmodium)

Question 36

endoplasm vs ectoplasm?

Answer 36

endoplasm=clear outer cytoplasmic layer endoplasm= inner granule-rich cytoplasm

Question 37

pseudopodia?

Answer 37

"false feet" temporary cytoplasm-filled parts of cell wall that change form to move/find food

Question 38

what is taxonomy?

Answer 38

the science of classification