chapter 2/3

Question 1

define populations

Answer 1

a connection of organisms of the same species

Question 2

define adaptations

Answer 2

an inherited trait or set of traits that improve the chance of survival

Question 3

the theory of evolution is…

Answer 3

why organisms with similar biology are so different in form and function.

Question 4

what is the selection process

Answer 4

favoriting individuals over others for a particular environment

Question 5

what is direct evidence?

Answer 5

evidence from the past

Question 6

what are examples of direct evidence?

Answer 6

fossils

divergent evolution

Question 7

what is the problem with fossils?

Answer 7

incompleteness of all the species , only a portion of an organism, and only fossilized rivers and oceans

Question 8

what is divergent evolution?

Answer 8

organisms that become less alike over time

Question 9

what is indirect evidence?

Answer 9

evidence observed today

Question 10

what are examples of indirect evidence?

Answer 10

embryology
homologous structures
analogous structures
biochemical evidence

Question 11

what are homologous structures?

Answer 11

structures with similar Origin but different uses

Question 12

what are analogous structures?

Answer 12

unrelated structures having similar functions

Question 13

what was the early view on organisms?

Answer 13

organisms were thought to be “fixed” or unchanging

Question 14

what did Aristotle propose?

Answer 14

creatures be arranged in a hierarchy based on complexity.

Question 15

Pierre-Louis de maupertuis considerd offspring to be…

Answer 15

a accidental recombination of “elementary particles”

Question 16

George-Louis leclare de Buffon proposed

Answer 16

1. creation did not over in a single location

2. species were subjected to modification overtime

Question 17

Jean-baptiste de Lamark

proposed…

Answer 17

1. law of use and disuse:organisms had ability to develop new body parts
2. law of acquired inheritance:new features= passed to offspring

Question 18

the names of two men that proposed the theory of natural selection

Answer 18

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Question 19

natural selection is…

Answer 19

1. overproduction
2. struggle for existance
3. variation
4. survival of the fittest
5. origin of new species by inheritance of successful variations

Question 20

what are some examples of evolution observed today?

Answer 20

1. sexual reproduction
2. artificial selection
3. accidental selection
4. mutations

Question 21

define directional selection

Answer 21

a steady trend in some traits overtime

Question 22

define stabilizing selection

Answer 22

organisms with extreme variations from the “norm” do not survive

Question 23

define disruptive selection

Answer 23

extreme variations= survival advantage,trait passed on,population may diverge into separate groups

Question 24

speciation is…

Answer 24

1. a population is split into two
2. each population starts to adapt to its environment by natural selection
3. the two populations remain reproductively isolated for a long time
4. mutations and genetic recombination =loss interbreeding

Question 25

define reproductive isolation

Answer 25

prevention of breeding when a species split

Question 26

what are some pre-mating factors?

Answer 26

• geography issues
• habitat preference
• behavioral differences
• mating seasons

Question 27

what are some post-mating factors?

Answer 27

• death of embryo or fetus

- sterility of offspring

Question 28

define evolution

Answer 28

the change of over a series of generations