Chapter 7

Question 1

Organization Level

Answer 1

Concerned with the objectives of the organization and how they are addressed by the performance of employees.

Question 2

Job Level

Answer 2

Concerned with the nature of tasks involved in each job.

Question 3

Person Level

Answer 3

Concerned with how well job applicants or present employees are able to do job tasks.

Question 4

Transfer of Training

Answer 4

When organizational training is conducted with the expectation that employees will apply what they have learned on the job.

Question 5

Feedback

Answer 5

Component of learning to see how the new employee is doing on the job.

Question 6

General Principles

Answer 6

Training should teach why something is done as well as how it should be done.

Question 7

Identical Elements

Answer 7

The responses in the training situation are identical to those in the job situation.

Question 8

Overlearning

Answer 8

Giving the trainee practice beyond that necessary to reach a criterion for success in training.

Question 9

Automaticity

Answer 9

A task can be done smoothly without the person having to mentally monitor or pay attention to how he or she is performing.

Question 10

Part Training

Answer 10

Breaking a task into components, which are learned one at a time.

Question 11

Whole Training

Answer 11

When the entire task is taught at one time rather than breaking it into individual components.

Question 12

Massed Training

Answer 12

Training sessions are long in duration and take place over a relatively short period of time.

Question 13

Spaced Training

Answer 13

Training sessions are relatively short and are spread out over time.

Question 14

Audiovisual Instruction

Answer 14

The electronic presentation of materials using an audiotape, videotape, DVD, or computer.

Question 15

Autoinstruction

Answer 15

Any training method that is self-paced and does not use an instructor.

Question 16

Programmed Instruction

Answer 16

Divides the material to be covered into a series of individual chunks or frames.

Question 17

Conference

Answer 17

Meeting of trainees and a trainer to discuss the material in question.

Question 18

Lecture

Answer 18

Presentation by a trainer to a group of trainees.

Question 19

Modeling

Answer 19

Having trainees watch someone perform a task and then model what they have seen.

Question 20

On-The-Job Training

Answer 20

Any method used to show employees how to do the job while they are doing it.

Question 21

Apprenticeship

Answer 21

Employee who can serve as an assistant to the trainer.

Question 22

Role Play

Answer 22

Type of simulation in which the trainee pretends to be doing a task.

Question 23

Simulation

Answer 23

Technique in which specialized equipment or materials are used to portray a task situation.

Question 24

E-Learning

Answer 24

The use of electronic tools to provide training, and several of the training methods discussed here can be done electronically.

Question 25

Blended Learning

Answer 25

Various methods for which a trainee can learn the job from.

Question 26

Mentoring

Answer 26

Work relationship between two employees where the more experienced offers advice/coaching, counseling, and friendship and serves as a role model.

Question 27

Executive Coaching

Answer 27

Means of helping even well-performing managers enhance their management skills.

Question 28

Training Level Criteria

Answer 28

Concerned with what people are able to do at the end of training in the training environment itself rather than on the job.

Question 29

Performance Level Criteria

Answer 29

Concerned with the person’s performance on the job rather than in the training setting.

Question 30

Four types of Classifying Training Criteria

Answer 30

1. Reactions
2. Learning
3. Behavior
4. Results

Question 31

Reactions Criteria

Answer 31

How much each trainee liked the training and how much the trainee believed he or she got out of it.

Question 32

Learning Criteria

Answer 32

What the person learned in training, or what the trainee is able to demonstrate behaviorally in terms of knowledge.

Question 33

Behavior Criteria

Answer 33

Trainee’s behaviors on the job that might have been due to training.

Question 34

Results Criteria

Answer 34

Whether the training had its intended effect.

Question 35

Design

Answer 35

Structure of a study that specifies how data are collected, whether it is a study of training or some other phenomenon.

Question 36

Pretest-Posttest Design

Answer 36

Intended to provide the information about how much the trainees gained from the training.

Question 37

Control Group Design

Answer 37

Compares employees who have received training to equivalent employees who have not been trained.