Chapter 7

Question 1

Valence electrons

Answer 1

the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms

Question 2

The only electrons used in chemical bonds

Answer 2

valence electrons

Question 3

Group number

Answer 3

shows the number of valence electrons in representative elements

Question 4

Octet rule

Answer 4

atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of noble gases when forming compounds

Question 5

Cation

Answer 5

a positively charged ion that lost valence electrons

Question 6

Na cations

Answer 6

generally unreactive

Question 7

Most common cations

Answer 7

produced from metals

Question 8

Cation name for metals

Answer 8

the same as the name of the element

Question 9

Anion

Answer 9

negatively charged ion that gained electrons

Question 10

Anion names

Answer 10

not the same as the nonmetallic element name, generally ends in -ide (e.g. chloride)

Question 11

A formula unit

Answer 11

the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

Question 12

Ionic compound

Answer 12

compounds composed of cations and anions, electrically neutral

Question 13

Ionic bond

Answer 13

the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound

Question 14

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 14

crystalline solids at room temperature, high melting points, good conductors when melted or dissolved in water

Question 15

Coordination number

Answer 15

the number of oppositely charged ions that surround an initial atom in a compound

Question 16

Sea of electrons

Answer 16

the valence electrons of metal atoms

Question 17

Sea of electrons explains

Answer 17

good conductors (free-flowing electrons) and ductility and malleability (highly mobile electrons)

Question 18

Types of crystalline structures

Answer 18

body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close-packed

Question 19

Body-centered

Answer 19

chromine

Question 20

Face-centered

Answer 20

gold

Question 21

hexagonal close-packed

Answer 21

zinc

Question 22

Alloy

Answer 22

a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, properties are superior to those of the component elements

Question 23

Alloy example

Answer 23

Brass - zinc and copper

Question 24

Same sized atoms in an alloy

Answer 24

can replace each other, substitutional

Question 25

Different sized atoms in an alloy

Answer 25

smaller ones can fit into the spaces between larger ones, interstitial

Question 26

Interstitial example

Answer 26

steels