Chapter 7

Question 1

Temporal

Answer 1

applying experimental results to a time that differs from when that experiment was conducted

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

applying experimental results to a group of participants that is different from those used in the experiment

Question 3

Environmental

Answer 3

applying experimental results to a situation or environment that differs from that of the original experiment

Question 4

Good Participant Effect

Answer 4

participants behave as they perceive the experimenter wants them to behave

Question 5

Demand Characteristics

Answer 5

features of the experiment provide cues to what study the study may be about and then participants behave in that manner

Question 6

Precedent

Answer 6

particular type of participant used repeatedly

ensures that a body of knowledge exists about that type of participant

Question 7

Name one advantage and disadvantage about precedent

Answer 7

Advantage-
likelihood of success is increased, because implement already validated procedures without spending hours of exploratory testing and designing new equipment

Disadvantage-
Limits the generalizability of the info gathered
Ex. self esteem in students may not tell us about the general population

Question 8

Availability

Answer 8

Using an easily available population from which to draw participants

Question 9

Name one advantage and disadvantage about availability

Answer 9

Advantage- easily available!

Disadvantage-
easily available doesn’t mean it’s the best/most appropriate participant
but then it’s a cycle, because of the pressure to use the precedent

Question 10

What is an Etic finding and give an example

Answer 10

It is a finding that is the same across cultures

It is a universal truth/principle

Ex. the finding that reinforcement increases the probability of a response

Question 11

What is an emic finding and give an example

Answer 11

A culturally specific finding

ex. value placed on independence/individuality is emic
some cultures focus on individual accomplishments (US)
while others stress contributions to the welfare of the gorup (China)