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Research Methods > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

operational definitions

A

operational definitions define variables in terms of the specific operations needed to produce them

allows others to replicate research

all IV/DV must be operationally defined

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2
Q

four different types of independent variables

A

physiological
experiential
environmental/stimulus
participant

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3
Q

Physiological IV

A

change the physical state of the participant (drug, hormone, food depriv.)

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4
Q

Experiential IV

A

alter amount/type of training, learning, experience

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5
Q

Environmental/Stimulus IV

A

external difference in some aspectof the environment

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6
Q

Participant IV

A

characteristic of the participant; classification that cannot be manipulated

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7
Q

What are the four ways that you are measuring your DV?

A

Correctness
rate/frequency
degree/amount
latency/duration

DV must be VALID and RELIABLE

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8
Q

correctness

A

number of items correct

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9
Q

rate/frequency

A

how often behavior occurs

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10
Q

degree/amount

A

rating scale

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11
Q

latency/duration

A

reaction time, time to complete task

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12
Q

Extraneous variables

A

uncontrolled variables that can cause unintended changes beween groups

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13
Q

confounding

A

a situation in which the results of an experiment can be attributed to either the operation of an IV or an extraneous variable

(moves the location of the humps either close or farther apart)

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14
Q

nuisance variables

A

unwanted variables that can cause the variability of scores within groups to increase

nuisance variables increase the spread of scores within a distribution; they do not cause a distribution to change its location

(makes the curves shorter and fatter or skinnier and taller)

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15
Q

Do we want nuisance or confounding variables?

A

HECK NO.
EXPERIMENTER NEED TO MAKE SURE NO EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES AND MINIMAL INFLUENCE OF NUISANCE VARIABLES SO THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT CAN BE MEANINGFUL

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16
Q

what are randomization/counterbalancing used for?

A

they’re used to eliminate EVs

17
Q

what is the goal of randomization?

A

it eliminates any unique characteristics associate with the participants

makes sure they’re equally distributed across all groups that are formed and that every participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment

18
Q

what are five basic control techniques for extraneous variables

A 
randomization
elimination
constancy
balancing
counterbalancing
19
Q

counterbalancing

A

eliminate changes due to order

procedure for controlling order effects by presenting different treatment sequences

within/subject v group

20
Q

within subject v group counterbalancing

A

Subject-
ex. pop taste
each subject tastes in different order ABBA

group-
half of participants go AB
the other half goes BA

21
Q

elimination

A

removes extraneous variabes from experiment

you maintain constant conditions by removing them

22
Q

constancy

A

create a uniform/constant condition experienced by all participants

difference between eliminated and assuming a constant value
ex same temp, lighting, time of day

23
Q

balancing

A

when all groups experience all unwanted variables or levels of unwatned variables in the same manner/degree

ex. same exp. group A has alcohol, group B doesn’t

assign an identifiable trait to equalize groups

24
Q

sequence or order effects

A

sequence or order effects ar eproduced by the participant’s being exposed to the sequential presentation of the treatments

performance depends on when participant is evaluated in the sequence or order (3 therapies, total time more important than type)

25
Q

carryover effects

A

the effects of one treatment persist or carry over and influence responses to the next treatment (3 diff. therapies used, some carryover)

26
Q

differential carryover

A

the response to one treatment depends on which treatment was administered previously (repetition to visualization v visualization to repetition)

27
Q

complete counterbalancing

A

all possible treatment sequences are presented

you can calculate the number of sequences by using the formula n! (n factorial)

28
Q

incomplete counterbalancing

A

only a portion of all possible sequences are presented

latin square design

Research Methods (7 decks)

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