Chapter 7

Question 1

Ad Hominem

Answer 1

Confusion between qualities of person making claim and claim itself

Question 2

Personal Attack

Answer 2

Person has negative feature, so claim stands refuted

Question 3

Inconsistency

Answer 3

Person’s claim inconsistent w/ something else has said/done, claim refuted

Question 4

Tu quoque

Answer 4

Reject something someone says because inconsistent of what person does

Question 5

Circumstantial

Answer 5

Refute claim based on someone’s circumstances

Question 6

Poisoning the Well

Answer 6

Unfavorable info related to person, so refute claim

Question 7

Genetic Fallacy

Answer 7

Try to refute claim based on origin/history

Question 8

Straw Man

Answer 8

Speaker/writer distorts, exaggerates, or otherwise misrepresents opponent’s position

Question 9

False Dilemma

Answer 9

Limit considerations to only two alternatives although other alternatives may be available

Question 10

Perfectionist Fallacy

Answer 10

Plan/policy must be perfect or reject it

Question 11

Line-Drawing Fallacy

Answer 11

Insist that line must be drawn at some precise point when in fact not necessary

Question 12

Slippery Slope

Answer 12

One step will ultimately cause something drastic

Question 13

Appeal to Ignorance

Answer 13

Someone claims we should believe in something because no one has proved that it isn’t

Question 14

Begging the Question

Answer 14

Ask audience to accept premises that are controversial as conclusion being argued for and on the same grounds