Chapter 3 Flashcards
Vague
Word/phrase when if group of things to which it applies has borderline cases; often intentional
Ambiguous
More than one meaning
Semantic Ambiguity
Contains ambiguous word/phrase
Grouping Ambiguity
Unclear whether word being used for group/individual
Fallacy of Division
Claim about group extends to individuals
Fallacy of Composition
Claim about individuals extends to group
Syntactic Ambiguity
Claim open to two or more interpretations because of its structure
Ambiguous Pronoun References
Not clear what/whom pronoun refers to
Lexical Definition
What word means
Stipulative Definition
Word’s special meaning in given context
Precising Definition
Reduce vagueness/generality, eliminate ambiguity
Persuasive/Rhetorical Definition
Used to persuade
Emotive Meaning/Rhetorical Force
Positive/negative associations of word
Definition by Example (Ostensive Definition)
Pointing to, naming, or otherwise identifying one or more examples of the sort of thing to which the term applies
Definition by Synonym
Giving another word/phrase that means same as word being defined
