Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the popular nickname for the “necessary and proper” clause? Why is it called this?

Answer 1

> . Elastic clause,

> because Congress is able to stretch the meaning in order to sanction its actions

Question 2

Which constitutional amendment guarantees the reserved powers of the states and of the people?

Answer 2

10th Amendment

Question 3

From what source do local, state, and national governments derive their respective powers?

Answer 3

> State and national powers are derived from the Constitution
local powers are derived from state power

Question 4

What factor makes it possible for states to differ from one another?

Answer 4

> The Constitution gives states sovereignty over many aspects of their government

Question 5

What matters does the full faith and credit clause most often relate to?

Answer 5

Judicial matters

Question 6

What are the two exceptions to the “full faith and credit” clause?

Answer 6

> This section deals with civil, not criminal law and

> states are not required to give full faith and credit in every case of divorce

Question 7

How does the “privileges and immunities” clause protect American citizens?

Answer 7

Guarantees that a person’s rights cannot be set aside when he visits a certain state

Question 8

In what cases may states make a distinction between residents and nonresidents?

Answer 8

> States may distinguish between residents and non-residents > concerning state university tuition and hunting and fishing licenses

Question 9

Define extradition. How did states historically interpret “shall on demand”?

Answer 9

The legal process of returning an alleged criminal to the state which he is charged, as a suggestion not a command

Question 10

What Court decision established the national government’s right to force a state to extradite a fugitive?

Answer 10

Puerto Rico vs. Branstad

Question 11

What clause establishes the proper relationship between state and national governments? Why did the founders include that article in the Constitution?

Answer 11

> Supremacy clause-
Article 6, Section 2,
because of the potential for conflict between the states and national government

Question 12

How does today’s state loyalty differ from the loyalty felt in the early days of the American Republic?

Answer 12

Citizens were once as loyal to their states as to the national government, today the government plays a far greater role in the lives of its citizens

Question 13

List four defenders of states’ rights and the states they represented.

Answer 13

> Robert E. Lee- Virginia
James Madison- Virginia
Thomas Jefferson- Virginia
John C. Calhoun- South Carolina

Question 14

Describe and illustrate the concept of dual federalism.

Answer 14

System in which national and state governments exercise state authority within their own spheres (eg. Marble cake)

Question 15

What event was the beginning of the end for federalism as the founders envisioned it?

Answer 15

Northern victory in the Civil War

Question 16

What event in America’s history significantly changed Americans’ perceptions of the federal government?

Answer 16

The Great Depression

Question 17

Did the federal bureaucracy continue to grow during Ronald Reagan’s presidency? Why or why not?

Answer 17

Yes, it was inevitable because of the interdependence of a nation bound by national transportation, television, etc.

Question 18

What four obligations does the Constitution place on the national government in its relationship to the states?

Answer 18

National government must honor states’ territory, must guarantee each state a republican form of government, must protect states against foreign invasion, may intervene if a state needs help surpassing domestic violence

Question 19

What two political forces help preserve the division between the state and national levels of government?

Answer 19

Congressmen are responsible to the states and districts that elected them. Political parties are also built on the state level and are largely independent of their national government.

Question 20

How has the federal government used federal aid to gain control of state prerogatives?

Answer 20

Grants come with “strings” attached. In return for the extra money, state and local governments have given up a measure of control over important prerogatives such as public education

Question 21

Why is it difficult to reverse the policy of federal grants and to reduce federal costs?

Answer 21

Each locale that benefits from federal grants is more concerned about keeping its own benefits than serving the broader needs of the country

Question 22

Why do leaders in the Frostbelt say the current distribution of federal grants is unfair?

Answer 22

The Sunbelt generally receives more in grants than it pays in taxes, and some areas of the Frostbelt pay more in taxes than they receive in grants

Question 23

What is federalism?

Answer 23

A system in which governmental power is divided into two or more levels, usually a central government and component state governments