Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
Established assemblies that reinforced the principle of representation, encouraged political participation, and provided leadership training in the difficult art of self-government
Legislative government
Implies that there are certain rights of which the government cannot rightfully deprive man; government was limited in its reach by laws that all men, including the king, were bound to obey
Limited government
The first representative assembly in the New World
House of Burgesses
In 1760, what two catalytic events occurred then that over a period of time would shake an America ripe for independence?
- the end of the French and Indian War when the last French stronghold surrendered to the British
- the ascension of George III to the throne
What act in what year was the beginning of a series of taxes and trade restrictions on the colonies that produced more resentment than revenue from America?
Stamp Act in 1765
A document guaranteeing basic civil liberties to all British subjects
Petition of Right
An act of protest in which business is withheld or refused
Boycott
What assembly gathered in Philadelphia in September with representatives from every colony except Georgia?
First Continental Congress
What assembly reconvened in 1775-89 when the call for complete independence was inevitable?
Second Continental Congress
The task of creating what document was left to a committee of five appointed by Congress?
Declaration of Independence
Who wrote up a draft of the Declaration and submitted it to Congress on June 28, 1776?
Thomas Jefferson
As president of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration first with a large, bold signature?
John Hancock
What age did the Declaration reflect that stressed the importance of natural laws that govern the universe, and in this case, government?
Age of Enlightenment
John Locke’s writings on this theory of government influenced America’s founding fathers
Social contract
What was a religious outgrowth of the Enlightenment—regarded God as something of a heavenly clockmaker who had started the world in motion, established natural law, and then had little else to do with the affairs of man?
Deism
The result of the meeting of the Second Continental Congress that set about to establish a central government based on the consent of the newly formed state governments
Articles of Confederation
What year were the Articles of Confederation sent to the thirteen states for approval?
1777
What approval process required the unanimous consent of the states and was therefore difficult to complete?
Ratification
What year did Maryland hold out on ratifying the Articles of Confederation until because of a squabble with Virginia over western land claims?
1781
One house legislature
Unicameral
In what year did a commercial dispute between Virginia and Maryland over navigation rights on the Potomac bring representatives from both states to Alexandria, Virginia to negotiate a settlement?
1785
George Washington’s home he invited men to to settle the dispute
Mount Vernon
In what year did the Virginia legislature call on all the states to send representatives to Annapolis in order to “recommend a federal plan for regulating commerce”?
1786
What was was poorly attended- only five states sent representatives, amounting to only a dozen delegates?
Annapolis Convention
What convention got under way in 1787 with four months of difficult debates and tough questions ahead?
Constitutional Convention
Who was unanimously elected to head the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
Whose immense influence earned him the title Father of the Constitution?
James Madison
What plan advocated a bicameral Congress, with the number of representatives based on state population or on the amount of revenue that a state provided the national government?
Virginia Plan
What plan advocated a unicameral Congress, maintaining the one-state one-vote principle of the Confederation?
New Jersey Plan
What proposed making representation in the lower house based on state population, whereas representation in the Senate would be equal for all states regardless of size?
Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise
What settlement stated slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House, but slave states would also have to pay taxes on them at the same rate?
Three-Fifths Compromise
On what day did the delegates gather to sign the official engrossed copy of the Constitution?
September 17th, 1787
Advocates of the Constitution
Federalists
Opposed the new plan of government
Anti-Federalists
What answered the objections of the Anti-Federalists by carefully explaining and forcefully defending constitutional provisions of power and predicting dire consequences if the Constitution were rejected?
The Federalist Papers
In what year was the world’s first constitutional democracy instituted?
1789
Provided order and leadership in the pioneer communities
Local government
