Chapter 7

Question 1

fermentation

Answer 1

biochemical process through which yeast converts sugar to alcohol

Question 2

mead

Answer 2

fermented honey often made into an alcoholic beverage

Question 3

distillation

Answer 3

heating fermented mixtures of cereal grains or fruits in a still to evaporate and be trapped as purified alcohol

Question 4

social lubricant

Answer 4

belief that drinking reprises inhibitions, strengthens extroversions, and leads to increased sociability

Question 5

methyl alcohol

Answer 5

wood alcohol

Question 6

ethylene glycol

Answer 6

alcohol in antifreeze

Question 7

isopropyl alcohol

Answer 7

rubbing alcohol sometimes used as an antiseptic

Question 8

anesthetic

Answer 8

a drug that blocks sensitivity to pain

Question 9

BAC- blood alcohol concentration

Answer 9

concentration of alcohol found in the blood, often expressed as a percentage

Question 10

alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 10

principle enzyme that metabolized ethanol

Question 11

behavioral tolerance

Answer 11

compensation for motor impairments through behavior pattern modification by chronic alcohol users

Question 12

polydrug use

Answer 12

the concurrent use of multiple drugs

Question 13

disinhibition

Answer 13

loss of conditioned reflexes due to depression of inhibitory centers of the brain

Question 14

diuretic

Answer 14

a drug substance that increases the production of urine

Question 15

hepatotoxic effect

Answer 15

a situation in which liver cells increase the production of fat, resulting in an enlarged liver

Question 16

alcohol hepatitis

Answer 16

the second stage of alcohol-induced liver disease in which chronic inflammation occurs; reversible if alcoholic consumption ceases

Question 17

cirrhosis

Answer 17

scarring of the liver and formation of fibrous tissues; results from alcohol abuse; irreversible

Question 18

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

congestive heart failure due to the replacement of heart muscle with fat and fiber

Question 19

wernicke-korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 19

psychotic condition connected with heavy alcohol use and associated vitamin deficiencies

Question 20

fetal alcohol syndrom

Answer 20

a condition affecting children born to alcohol consuming mothers that is characterized by facial deformities, growth deficiency, and mental retardation

Question 21

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 21

a condition affecting children born to alcohol consuming mothers that is characterized by facial deformities, growth deficiency, and mental retardation