Chapter 1 Flashcards
where are drug users found?
in all occupations and professions, at all income and social class levels, and in all age groups
who is immune to drug use?
no one is immune to drug use (often leads to drug dependence)
Biological, Genetic, and Pharmacological Factors
substance abuse and addiction involve biological and genetic factor. the pharmacology of drug use focuses on how the ingredients of a particular drug affect the body and the nervous system
culture factors
how do societal views, determined by custom and traditional, affect our initial approach to and use of a drug?
Social factors
what are the specific reasons why a drug is taken (curing an illness, family upbringing, escape from reality)?
Contextual factors
how do physical surrounding (music, bars, nightclubs) affect the amount of drug use?
what is a drug
any substance that modifies (enhances, inhibits, or distorts) mind and/or body functioning
what are psychoactive drugs
drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and/or alter consciousness and/or perceptions
Licit
Legal.
ex. coffee, tea, alcohol, tobacco, and over the counter drugs
Illicit
Illegal.
ex. marijuana, cocaine, and LSD
major types of commonly abused drugs
alcohol nicotine prescription drugs stimulants hallucinogens/psychedelics
structural analogs
are drugs that result from altered chemical structures of current illicit drugs, it involves modifying the basic molecular skeleton of a compound to form a new molecular species
designer drug/ synthetic drugs or synthetic opioiods
new categories of hybrid drugs like ecstasy and demerol
these relatively recent types of drugs are created as structural analogs of substances already classified under the controlled substance act
Gateway drug
are commonly used drugs that are believed to lead to the use of other more powerful mind-altering and addictive drug
what are the most common gateway drugs
alcohol tabacco marijuana
drug misuse
unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or OTC type of drugs
drug abuse
known as chemical or substance abuse and is the willful misuse of either licit or illicit drugs for the purpose of recreation, perceived necessity, or convenience
legal instrumental use
taking prescribed drugs or OTC drugs to relieve or treat mental or physical symptoms
legal recreational use
using licit drugs like tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine to achieve a certain mental state
Illegal instrumental use
taking non prescribed drugs to achieve a task or goal
Illegal recreational use
taking illicit drugs for fun pleasure
experimenters
begin using drugs largely because of peer pressure and curiosity and they confine their use to recreational settings
compulsive users
devote considerable time and energy into getting high, talk incessantly about drug use, and become connoisseurs of steer drugs
floater or “chippers”
focus more on using other people’s drugs without maintaining as much of a personal supply
when does use lead to abuse
the AMOUNT of drug taken does not necessarily determine abuse
the MOTIVE for taking the drug is the most important factor in determining presence of abuse
drug dependence
both physical and psychological factors precipitate drug dependence
physical dependence
refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feeling of discomfort and illness
psychological dependence
refers to the need that a user may mentally feel about continuing the use of a drug to experience its effects and/or relieve withdrawal symptoms
relief
satisfaction from negative feelings in using the drug
increased use
involves taking greater quantities of the drug
preoccupation
consists of a constant concern with the substance
dependency
a synonym for addiction, is when the drug is sought despite the presence of physical symptoms
withdrawal
the physical and/or psychological effects from not using the drug
stages of drug dependence
relief increased use preoccupation dependency withdrawal
