Chapter 1

Question 1

where are drug users found?

Answer 1

in all occupations and professions, at all income and social class levels, and in all age groups

Question 2

who is immune to drug use?

Answer 2

no one is immune to drug use (often leads to drug dependence)

Question 3

Biological, Genetic, and Pharmacological Factors

Answer 3

substance abuse and addiction involve biological and genetic factor. the pharmacology of drug use focuses on how the ingredients of a particular drug affect the body and the nervous system

Question 4

culture factors

Answer 4

how do societal views, determined by custom and traditional, affect our initial approach to and use of a drug?

Question 5

Social factors

Answer 5

what are the specific reasons why a drug is taken (curing an illness, family upbringing, escape from reality)?

Question 6

Contextual factors

Answer 6

how do physical surrounding (music, bars, nightclubs) affect the amount of drug use?

Question 7

what is a drug

Answer 7

any substance that modifies (enhances, inhibits, or distorts) mind and/or body functioning

Question 8

what are psychoactive drugs

Answer 8

drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and/or alter consciousness and/or perceptions

Question 9

Licit

Answer 9

Legal.

ex. coffee, tea, alcohol, tobacco, and over the counter drugs

Question 10

Illicit

Answer 10

Illegal.

ex. marijuana, cocaine, and LSD

Question 11

major types of commonly abused drugs

Answer 11

alcohol
nicotine
prescription drugs
stimulants
hallucinogens/psychedelics

Question 12

structural analogs

Answer 12

are drugs that result from altered chemical structures of current illicit drugs, it involves modifying the basic molecular skeleton of a compound to form a new molecular species

Question 13

designer drug/ synthetic drugs or synthetic opioiods

Answer 13

new categories of hybrid drugs like ecstasy and demerol

these relatively recent types of drugs are created as structural analogs of substances already classified under the controlled substance act

Question 14

Gateway drug

Answer 14

are commonly used drugs that are believed to lead to the use of other more powerful mind-altering and addictive drug

Question 15

what are the most common gateway drugs

Answer 15

alcohol tabacco marijuana

Question 16

drug misuse

Answer 16

unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or OTC type of drugs

Question 17

drug abuse

Answer 17

known as chemical or substance abuse and is the willful misuse of either licit or illicit drugs for the purpose of recreation, perceived necessity, or convenience

Question 18

legal instrumental use

Answer 18

taking prescribed drugs or OTC drugs to relieve or treat mental or physical symptoms

Question 19

legal recreational use

Answer 19

using licit drugs like tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine to achieve a certain mental state

Question 20

Illegal instrumental use

Answer 20

taking non prescribed drugs to achieve a task or goal

Question 21

Illegal recreational use

Answer 21

taking illicit drugs for fun pleasure

Question 22

experimenters

Answer 22

begin using drugs largely because of peer pressure and curiosity and they confine their use to recreational settings

Question 23

compulsive users

Answer 23

devote considerable time and energy into getting high, talk incessantly about drug use, and become connoisseurs of steer drugs

Question 24

floater or “chippers”

Answer 24

focus more on using other people’s drugs without maintaining as much of a personal supply

Question 25

when does use lead to abuse

Answer 25

the AMOUNT of drug taken does not necessarily determine abuse

the MOTIVE for taking the drug is the most important factor in determining presence of abuse

Question 26

drug dependence

Answer 26

both physical and psychological factors precipitate drug dependence

Question 27

physical dependence

Answer 27

refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feeling of discomfort and illness

Question 28

psychological dependence

Answer 28

refers to the need that a user may mentally feel about continuing the use of a drug to experience its effects and/or relieve withdrawal symptoms

Question 29

relief

Answer 29

satisfaction from negative feelings in using the drug

Question 30

increased use

Answer 30

involves taking greater quantities of the drug

Question 31

preoccupation

Answer 31

consists of a constant concern with the substance

Question 32

dependency

Answer 32

a synonym for addiction, is when the drug is sought despite the presence of physical symptoms

Question 33

withdrawal

Answer 33

the physical and/or psychological effects from not using the drug

Question 34

stages of drug dependence

Answer 34

relief
increased use
preoccupation
dependency
withdrawal