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AP Psych > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodical physiological fluctuations

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves & our environment.

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Biological clock. Regular body rhythms in a 24 hour period. (Ex: temp. & wakefulness)

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3
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

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4
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Relatively slow brainwaves of a relaxed awake state.

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5
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation.

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6
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences

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7
Q

Delta waves

A

Large, slow brainwaves associated with deep sleep.

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8
Q

Insomnia

A

Reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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9
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder - uncontrollable sleep attacks.

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10
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep disorder characterized by temp. Cessations of breathing during sleep & repeated momentary awakenings

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11
Q

Night terrors

A

Sleep disorder - high arousal & an appearance of being terrorized unlike nightmares it occurs during stage 4 sleep. Within 2 or 3 hours.

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12
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions & thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

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13
Q

Freud’s wish-fulfillment

A

By fulfilling wishes, a dream provides a psychic safety valve that discharges otherwise unacceptable feelings

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14
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

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15
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. (Believed latent content functions as a safety valve)

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16
Q

Information processing

A

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events & consolidate our memories.

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17
Q

Physiological function

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop & preserve neural pathways

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18
Q

Activation-synthesis

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

19
Q

Cognitive development

A

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development - their knowledge & understanding.

20
Q

REM rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. (Created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

21
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perception, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

22
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

Associated with quackery & phony - linked with skepticism surrounding hypnosis

23
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

A suggestion, made during hypnosis to be carried after the subject is no longer hypnotized. It’s used to help undesired symptoms & behaviors.

24
Q

Social influence theory

A

The subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role she ignores the odors - Theodore Barber

25
Q

Dissociation (divided-consciousness theory)

A

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others - Ernest hilgard

26
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

Dissociation

27
Q

Theodore Barber

A

Social influence theory

28
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

Chemical substances that alters perception & moods

29
Q

Tolerance

A

Diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger & larger doses before experiencing the drugs effects

30
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort & distress that follow that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

31
Q

Physical dependence

A

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

32
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions

33
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving & use

34
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce neural activity & slow body functions (alcohol, barbiturates & opiates)

35
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety, but impairing memory & judgement

36
Q

Opiates

A

Opium & it’s derivatives, such as morpheme & heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain & anxiety

37
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity & speed up body functions (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy)

38
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions & associated energy & mood changes.

39
Q

Methamphetamines

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions & associated energy & mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

40
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant & mind hallucinogen. Produces euphoria & social intimacy, but with short-term health risks & longer-term harm to serotonin producing neurons & to mood & cognition

41
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

42
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)

43
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

44
Q

Near-death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as tough cardiac arrest) often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

45
Q

Dualism

A

The presumption that mind & body are 2 distinct entities that interact

46
Q

Monism

A

The presumption that mind & body are separate aspects of the same thing

AP Psych (9 decks)

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