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Dental Materials > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of prevention/preventive aids

A

chemicals, devices, or procedures that reduce or eliminate disease or tooth destruction in the oral cavity

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2
Q

Definition of fluoride

A

naturally occurring mineral that helps protect tooth structure from dental caries

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3
Q

Definition of fluorosis

A

enamel condition caused by consumption of excessive levels of fluoride

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4
Q

Definition of demineralization

A

action that removes mineral from the tooth, usually caused by acids

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5
Q

Definition of dental caries

A

disease process whereby bacteria in plaque metabolize carbohydrates and produce acids that remove mineral from teeth and permit bacteria to invade the tooth and do further damage

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6
Q

Definition of fluorapatite

A

tooth mineral that results when fluoride is incorporated into the tooth

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7
Q

Definition of cariogenic

A

substances or microorganisms that promote dental caries

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8
Q

Definition of erosion

A

loss of tooth mineral caused by dietary or gastric acids, not by bacterial metabolism (caries process)

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9
Q

Definition of antibacterial mouth rinse

A

liquid used to rinse the oral cavity to reduce or suppress bacteria associated with dental caries or periodontal disease

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10
Q

Definition of substantivity

A

property of a material to have a prolonged therapeutic effect after its initial use

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11
Q

Definition of over-the-counter

A

available in retail or drug stores without a doctor’s prescription

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12
Q

Definition of sealant

A

protective resin that is bonded to enamel to protect pits and fissures from dental caries

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13
Q

Definition of desensitizing agent

A

chemical that seals open dentinal tubules in order to reduce tooth sensitivity to air, sweets, and temperature changes

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14
Q

Definition of mouth guard

A

hard or pliable material that protects teeth from trauma during sports activities or as the result of teeth grinding

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15
Q

Definition of custom-made

A

made specifically to fit one individual

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16
Q

Definition of bleaching

A

cosmetic process that uses chemicals to remove discolorations from teeth or to lighten them

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17
Q

Definition of extrinsic stains

A

stains occurring on the tooth surface

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18
Q

Definition of intrinsic stains

A

stains that are incorporated into the tooth structure, usually during the tooth’s development

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19
Q

What are the common brands of 12,3000 ppm fluoride

A 
in-office treatment
1.23% APF gel or foam
minute-foam and nupro APF gel (dentsply)
topex (sultan healthcare)
denti-care gel (medicom)
twice a year
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20
Q

What are the precautions of 12,300 ppm fluoride

A

gastrointestinal upset, vomiting if swallowed; may etch esthetic restorations, not for children younger than age 3

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21
Q

What are the common brands of 2.0 NaF 9,000 ppm fluoride?

A 
in-office treatment
neutra-foam (oral-b)
nuproneutral (dentsply)
denti-foam (medicom)
topex neutral (sultan healthcare)
twice a year
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22
Q

What are the precautions of 9,000 ppm fluoride?

A

gastrointestinal upset, vomiting if swallowed; not for children younger than age 3

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23
Q

What are the common brands of 1.1% NaF gel or toothpaste 5,000 ppm fluoride?

A 
daily at home use
prevident (colgate)
neutracare (oral-b)
denti-care gel (medicom)
fluoridex (discus dental)
topex (sultan healthcare)
gel-kam (colgate)
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24
Q

What are the precautions of 1.1 % NaF gel ?

A

not for children younger than age 6

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25
Q

What are the common brands of 0.4% SnF2 gel of 900 ppm fluoride?

A 
daily at home use
gel-kam (colgate)
stop (oral b)
denti-care gel (medicom)
perio plus (discus dental)
topex (sultan healthcare)
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26
Q

What are the precautions of 0.4 SnF2 gel?

A

may cause surface staining of teeth; not for children younger than age 6

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27
Q

What are the common brands of 0.2% NaF 900 ppm rinse?

A

weekly
fluorinse (oral-b)
prevident dental rinse (colgate)
nupro fluoride rinse (dentsply)

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28
Q

What are the common brands of 0.05 % NaF 250 ppm rinse?

A

over-the-counter home use; daily
ACT (Johnson & Johnson)
Fluorigard (colgate)

29
Q

What are the precautions of 0.05% NaF 250 ppm rinse?

A

not for children younger than age 6

30
Q

What are the common brands of toothpaste 0.24% NaF 1,100 ppm?

A

numerous brands and manufacturers
daily over-the-counter home use
not for children younger than age 6

31
Q

What are the common brands of toothpaste 0.8% MFP 1,000 ppm?

A

numerous brands
daily over-the-counter home use
pea-sized amount with children younger than age 6

32
Q

What is the color of an extrinsic stain from poor oral hygiene?

A

yellow
brown
green
black

33
Q

What is the color of an extrinsic stain from coffee, tea, foods?

A

brown to black

34
Q

What is the color of an extrinsic stain from tobacco products

A

yellow-brown to black

35
Q

What is the color of a tetracycline intrinsic stain?

A

brown, gray, black bands

36
Q

What is the color of a fluoride intrinsic stain?

A

white, brown sports or bands

37
Q

What is the color of a minocycline intrinsic stain?

A

brown, gray

38
Q

What is the color of a blood disorder intrinsic stain?

A

red, brown, purple

39
Q

What is the color of a trauma intrinsic stain?

A

blue, black, brown

40
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic pulp canal obliteration stain?

41
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic pulp necrosis with hemorrhage stain?

A

gray, black

42
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic pulp necrosis without hemorrhage stain?

A

yellow, gray-brown

43
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic trauma during pulp extirpation stain?

A

gray, black

44
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic tissue remnants in the pulp chamber stain?

A

brown, gray, black

45
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic restorative dental material stain?

A

brown, gray, black

46
Q

What is the color of an intrinsic endodontic materials stain stain?

A

gray, black

47
Q

What is the color of a fluorosis intrinsic/extrinsic stain?

A

white, brown

48
Q

What is the color of an aging intrinsic/extrinsic stain?

49
Q

What is the pH at which a tooth mineral dissolves?

50
Q

True or False

When mineral is converted to fluorapatite the pH is lowered to 4.5

51
Q

True or False

Fluoride interferes with essential enzyme activity of bacteria

A

True (because it travels in the form of hydrofluoric acid)

52
Q

Which fluoride is most used with children

A

APF (because it contains 12,300 ppm fluoride)

53
Q

What does 2% neutral sodium fluoride contain?

A

9,000 ppm fluoride (used most often with adults)

54
Q

stannous fluoride gels are provided by prescription as 1.1 % neutral sodium fluoride

A

5,000 ppm fluoride or 0.4% stanous fluoride 900 ppm fluoride

55
Q

What is the concentration of fluoride in an OTC?

A

0.05% fluoride, 225 ppm

56
Q

What is the most common fluoride additive to prophy paste?

57
Q

What is the lethal dose for a child weighing 20 pounds?

A

700 - 1500 mg of sodium fluoride

58
Q

True or False

Sealants are unfilled or lightly filled resins used to seal pits and fissures

59
Q

True or False

44% of caries in primary teeth occur in pits and fissures of molars

A

True (molars are 3 - 4 times more likely than premolars to experience decay)

60
Q

True or False

Second molars have a priority to sealing first

61
Q

True or False

Lower molars have the highest risk of decay

A

True (50%)

62
Q

True or False

Upper molars have the highest risk of decay

A

True (35-40%)

63
Q

What is the composition of resin sealants?

A

dimethylacrelate monomer/bisphenolaglycitol methacrelate bisgama or urethane dimethacrylic (UDMA)

64
Q

True or False

Sealants containing no organic filler particles will wear faster than those that have filler particles added

65
Q

True or False

Etched enamel begins remineralization after a 24 hour exposure to saliva by deposition of calcium phosphate salts

66
Q

True or False

Most sealant failures occur within the first 3-6 months

67
Q

True

Potassium depolarizes the nerves so it cannot fire and cause pain

68
Q

True or False

Sports guards can absorb 80% of the energy from a traumatic hit to the mouth?

69
Q

True or False

For heavy contact sports, a thickness of 4 mm is desirable

A

True (for less violent sports, thickness of 2 mm will suffice)

Dental Materials (16 decks)

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