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Dental Materials > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of direct-placement esthetic materials

A

tooth-colored materials that can be placed directly into the cavity preparation without being constructed outside of the mouth first

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2
Q

Definition of composite resin

A

tooth-colored material composed of an organic resin matrix and inorganic filler particles

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3
Q

Definition of organic resin (polymer) matrix

A

thick liquids made up of two or more organic molecules that form a matrix around filler particles

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4
Q

Definition of silane coupling agent

A

chemical that helps bind the filler particles to the organic matrix

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5
Q

Definition of pigments

A

coloring agents that give composites their color

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6
Q

Definition of self-cured composite

A

composite that polymerizes by a chemical reaction when two resins are mixed together

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7
Q

Definition of light-cured composite

A

composite that polymerizes when a chemical is activated by light in the blue wave range

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8
Q

Definition of dual-cured composite

A

composite that contains components of light-cured and self-cured composites. when the two parts are mixed together, it polymerizes by a chemical reaction that can be accelerated by blue light activation

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9
Q

Definition of macro filled composite

A

an early generation of composite that contained filler particles ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers

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10
Q

Definition of microfilled composite

A

composite that contains very small filler particles averaging on 0.04 micrometers in diameter

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11
Q

Definition of hybrid composite

A

composite that contains both macro fill and microfilm particles to obtain the strength of a macro fill and the polish ability of a microfill

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12
Q

Definition of flowable composite

A

light-cured, low-viscosity composite resin that contains fewer filler particles

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13
Q

Definition of packable composite

A

light-cured, highly viscous, heavily filled composite resin for dentists who use a placement technique with composite that is similar to that of amalgam

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14
Q

Definition of glass ionomer cements

A

self-cured, tooth-colored, fluoride-releasing restorative material that bonds to tooth structure without an additional bonding agent

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15
Q

Definition of hybrid (resin-modified) glass ionomer

A

glass ionomer to which resin has been added to improve its physical properties

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16
Q

Definition of compomer

A

composite resin that has polyacid, fluoride-releasing groups added

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17
Q

Definition of indirect-placement esthetic materials

A

tooth-colored materials that are used to construct restorations outside of the mouth in the dental laboratory or at chair side on replicas of the prepared teeth

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18
Q

What are the 4 most common direct placement materials?

A

composite resin
glass ionomer cement
resin modified glass ionomer cement (hybrid)
compomer

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19
Q

What are composites mainly composed of?

A

organic resin (polymer matrix)
inorganic silica
filler particles joined by a silane coupling agent

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20
Q

What is the material that the organic resin matrix and inorganic filler particles joined by?

A

silane coupling agent that sticks (adheres) the particles to the matrix

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21
Q

What is the most commonly used resin for the matrix of composites?

A

biz-gamma (GMA)

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22
Q

How is biz-gamma produced?

A

by reacting glycidyl methacrylate with bis-phenol

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23
Q

What is another resin that is used for composite matrix?

A

urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)

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24
Q

What is the low molecular weight monomer added to reduce viscosity?

A

teg-DMA

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25
Q

What is a monomer?

A

molecules with double-carbon bonds that link together to form resin/polymer

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26
Q

What filler particles are added to make composites more radiopaque?

A 
ions of:
barium
boron
zirconium
yttrium
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27
Q

What is the crystalline form of silica?

A

quartz

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28
Q

What is the non-crystalline form of silica?

A

glass

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29
Q

True or False

Larger filler particles tend to get pulled (called plucking) from the resin matrix at the surface when the restoration is under function or abraided

A

True

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30
Q

True or False

Smaller particles cause fewer voids that contribute to wear

A

True (because they are not as easily plucked)

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31
Q

What is a base?

A

benzoperoxide

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32
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

tertiary amine

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33
Q

What is polymerization?

A

low weight resin molecules called monomers that join together to form long chains with high molecular molecules called polymers

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34
Q

What is a self-cured composite?

A

two-paste stem that contains composite and benzoperoxide as initiator, the other paste is the catalyst containing a tertiary amine

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35
Q

True or False

Air can be incorporated into materials when mixing that causes voids or porosity in the restoration

A

True

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36
Q

What is the wavelength of blue light?

A

470 nm

37
Q

What is the name of the initiator?

A

camphoroquinone

38
Q

What does camphoroquinone in the presence of an accelerator?

A

causes resin to polymerize

39
Q

In how many mm increments should composite be placed?

A

no more than 2

40
Q

True or False

Darker shades require a longer curing time

A

true (because light is more readily absorbed by the dark color and does not transmit through the material)

41
Q

What was the first generation of composite resins called?

A

macro-filled composites that contain large particles as fillers ranging in size from 10 - 100 microns

42
Q

What is the filler particle size in micro-filled composites?

A

0.04 micrometers in diameter and range in size from 0.03 - 0.05

43
Q

What does a hybrid composite consist of?

A

macro and micro molecules

44
Q

What is the filler content of a hybrid composite?

A

70 - 80%

45
Q

What is the filler particle size of a hybrid?

A

0.1 - 3 micro meters

46
Q

What is the filler content in micro-filled composites?

A

35 - 50%

47
Q

What is the percentage of a lightly filled flowable composite?

A

40%

48
Q

What is the percentage of a highly filled flowable composite?

A

70%

49
Q

What are smart composites?

A

composites that release fluoride, calcium, and hydroxyl ions when the acidity around the restoration increases

50
Q

True or False

Provisional composites are preferred over acrylic because they shrink less, wear less, and release less heat

A

True

51
Q

True or False

The greater the resin content of the composite, the greater the shrinkage

A

True

52
Q

True or False

The greater the filler content, the lower the coefficient of thermal expansion

A

True

53
Q

True or False

The higher the resin content, the greater the coefficient of thermal expansion

A

True

54
Q

True or False

The greater the volume of the filler, the stiffer and more wear resistant is the restoration

A

True

55
Q

True or False

The elastic modulus (stiffness of the composite) is determined by the amount of filler

A

True

56
Q

True or False

The greater the resin content, the more water is absorbed

A

True

57
Q

True or False

Micro-fills and flowables tend to have greater water sorption

A

True

58
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

water that has softened the resin matrix leading to gradual degredation

59
Q

True or False

Water causes some hydroscopic expansion of the composite over the first week after placement?

A

True

60
Q

True or False

For class III and IV anterior restorations, a clear matrix strip is used

A

True

61
Q

What is the hybrid zone/layer?

A

resin rich layer/resin infiltrated dentin

62
Q

True or False

The completed restoration compromises a series of layers of resin-based materials that are all chemically bonded to each other and micro mechanically bonded to the tooth structure

A

True

63
Q

True or False

Eugenol inhibits the set of resins

A

True

64
Q

What are the typical curing times for halogen lights for thin layers?

A

20 - 40 seconds

65
Q

True or False

Halogen is actually quartz-tungsten

A

True

66
Q

What are the four types of curing lights?

A

halogen
plasma
laser
LED

67
Q

What is the output of a halogen light?

A

400 - 800 megawatt/cm^2

68
Q

What is the downside of using plasma and laser lights to cure materials?

A

although they cure the material faster (10 seconds), they increase the heat transmitted to the composite

69
Q

What is the most popular curing light?

A

diode because it can last 5,000 hours

70
Q

True or False

The curing light generates a certain amount of heat as it is applied to the tooth and composite resins release heat when they polymerize

A

True (exothermic)

71
Q

True or False

An increase in pulpal temperature of about 6 degrees has the potential to cause death or inflammation of the pulp

A

True

72
Q

True or False

Glass ionomers release fluoride

A

True (it is very high in the first few days then tapers to low levels)

73
Q

True or False

Glass ionomers can absorb fluoride and then re-release it

A

True (they can act as a fluoride reservoir)

74
Q

True or False

Glass ionomers are highly susceptible to moisture intake the first 24 hours

A

True

75
Q

True or False

Saliva is a super saturated solution of calcium and phosphate ions, and contain fluoride

A

True

76
Q

True or False

Hybrid composites have high compressive and flexural strength

A

True

77
Q

What type of acid is used to bond composites?

A

phosphoric acid

78
Q

True or False

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is not very viscous

A

True

79
Q

What is a compomer?

A

composite resin that has been modified with poly-acid

80
Q

For a composite to have greater wear resistance, it needs..

A

to have a higher filler content

81
Q

Composite resins are often classified according to their…

A

filler particle size

82
Q

The shortcomings of flowable composites as compared with hybrid composites include all of the following EXCEPT. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

A

they are more difficult to polish

83
Q

The purpose of a silane coupling agent for composite resins is

A

improve the bond between the filler particles and the resin matrix

84
Q

The curing light requires repair

A

if a 2-mm-thick piece of composite does not cure through the bottom at the recommended exposure time

85
Q

The polymerization shrinkage of a composite

A

can be minimized by placing and curing a series of small increments

86
Q

True or False

All composite restorative materials appear the same on radiographs of the teeth

A

False

87
Q

One of the advantages of glass ionomer is

A

that it has been shown to release fluoride

88
Q

Hybrid (resin-modified) glass ionomers have all of the following advantages over conventional glass ionomers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A

contain quartz fillers like some composites

89
Q

Compomer restorative materials

A

are closer to composite resins in their makeup than to glass ionomers

Dental Materials (16 decks)

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