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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Arteriole

A

Small Artery

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2
Q

Calciferol

A

Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

Calyx or Calix

A

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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4
Q

Catheter

A

Tube for injecting or removing fluid

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5
Q

Cortex

A

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)

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6
Q

creatinine

A

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries electrical charge when dissolved in water. Includes potassium and sodium

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8
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of RBCs by bone marrow–Poietin means substance that forms

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9
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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10
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also known as Bowman’s capsule. Collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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11
Q

Glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

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13
Q

kidney

A

organs that filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood stream to form urine

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14
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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15
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney.

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16
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. There are about 1 million nephrons in each kidney.

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17
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples include urea, uric acid, creatinine

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18
Q

potassium (K)

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney to maintain proper concentration is maintained within blood.

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19
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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20
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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21
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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23
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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24
Q

renin

A

hormone secreted by kidney to raise blood pressure

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25
Q

sodium

A

electrolyte needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions

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26
Q

trigone

A

triangular area inside the urinary bladder

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27
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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28
Q

ureter

A

tube leading from kidney to bladder

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29
Q

urethra

A

tube from bladder to outside the body

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30
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

31
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

32
Q

urination

A

also called micturition

33
Q

cali/o, calic/o

A

calyx; cup-shaped

34
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

35
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

36
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

37
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

38
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

39
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

40
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

41
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

42
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

43
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

44
Q

albumin/o

A

alnumin (protein in the blood)

45
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

46
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

47
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

48
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

49
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

50
Q

lith/o

A

stone

51
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

52
Q

noct/o

A

night

53
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

54
Q

poietin

A

substance that forms

55
Q

py/o

A

pus

56
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

57
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

58
Q

urin/o

A

urine

59
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

60
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Rare condition: baby is born unable to break down amino acid, phenylalanine that can cause mental retardation. If detected at birth, baby is put on low protein diet until adulthood.

61
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

62
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

63
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

64
Q

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

65
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

multiple fluid filled sacs within and on the kidney

66
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

67
Q

renal cell carinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

68
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

69
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

70
Q

wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood

71
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

72
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

73
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects.

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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