Cardiovascular System Flashcards by casey Thompson

aorta

largest artery in the body

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apex of the heart

lower tip of the heart

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arteriole

small artery

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artery

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.

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atrioventricular bundle (bundle of HIS)

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.

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atrioventricular node

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.

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atrium

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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capillary

smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through thin capillary walls.

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coronary arteries

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

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deoxygenated blood

blood that is oxygen poor

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diastole

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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electrocardiogram

record of electricity flowing through the heart. Represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T.

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endocardium

inner lining of the heart

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endothelium

innermost lining of blood vessels

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mitral valve

valved between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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murmur

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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normal sinus rhythm

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 bpm.

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pacemaker

(sinoatrial node) specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning.

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pericardium

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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pulmonary artery

artery carrying O2 POOR blood from the heart to the lungs

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pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

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pulmonary vein

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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pulse

beat of the heart felt through the walls of the arteries.

septum

partition or wall dividing a cavity. Such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (intraventricular septum)

sinoatrial node (SA node)

pacemaker of the heart

sphygmomanometer

instrument to measure blood pressure.

systemic circulation

flow of blood form body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues.

systole

contraction phase of heartbeat

tricuspid valve

located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps

valve

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

vein

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from the body tissues and lungs back to the heart

vena cava

largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

ventricle

one of two lower chambers of heart

venule

small vein

angi/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o

heart

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

ox/o

oxygen

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o

vein

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o, valv/o

valve

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

ven/o, ven/i

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

aarhythmias

abnormal heart rhythms

congenital heart disease

abnormalities in the heart at birth

coarctation of the aorta

narrowing of the aorta

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

septal defects

small hole int he wall between the atria or the ventricles

tetralogy of Fallot

Congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects 1. pulmonary artery stenosis 2. ventricular septal defect 3. shift of aorta to right 4. hypertrophy of the right ventricle.

congestive heart failure

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

coronary artery disease

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

deep vein thrombosis

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

hypertension

high blood pressure

peripheral arterial disease

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs.

raynaud disease

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.

varicose veins

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.