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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of HIS)

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.

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6
Q

atrioventricular node

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.

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7
Q

atrium

A

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through thin capillary walls.

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9
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

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10
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen poor

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11
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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12
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electricity flowing through the heart. Represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T.

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13
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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14
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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15
Q

mitral valve

A

valved between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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16
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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17
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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18
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 bpm.

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19
Q

pacemaker

A

(sinoatrial node) specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning.

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20
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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21
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying O2 POOR blood from the heart to the lungs

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22
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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23
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

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24
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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25
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart felt through the walls of the arteries.

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26
Q

septum

A

partition or wall dividing a cavity. Such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (intraventricular septum)

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27
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

pacemaker of the heart

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28
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure.

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29
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood form body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues.

30
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of heartbeat

31
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps

32
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

33
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from the body tissues and lungs back to the heart

34
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

35
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of heart

36
Q

venule

A

small vein

37
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

38
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

39
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

40
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

41
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

42
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

43
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

44
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

45
Q

coron/o

A

heart

46
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

47
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

48
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

49
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

50
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

51
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

52
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

53
Q

steth/o

A

chest

54
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

55
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

valve

56
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

57
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

58
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

59
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

60
Q

aarhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms

61
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

62
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

63
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

64
Q

septal defects

A

small hole int he wall between the atria or the ventricles

65
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

Congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects 1. pulmonary artery stenosis 2. ventricular septal defect 3. shift of aorta to right 4. hypertrophy of the right ventricle.

66
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

67
Q

coronary artery disease

A

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

68
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

69
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

70
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs.

71
Q

raynaud disease

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.

72
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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