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Medical Terminology > Blood System > Flashcards

Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood; maintains amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

specific protein (immuniglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses and other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

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3
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with the release of histamine and heparin.

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

protein that stimulates growth of WBC’s (granulocytes)

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8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

White blood cells containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cells

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

mature red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter of blood

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13
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein; alpha, beta and gamma

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil

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18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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20
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction or breakdown of blood cells

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21
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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22
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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23
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein with antibody activity; examples include IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

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24
Q

leukocyte

A

WBC

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25
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

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26
Q

macrophages

A

monocyte that migrates from blood into tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign materials.

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27
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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28
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus

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29
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

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30
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

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31
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE.

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32
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood. Contains water, sugar, salts, proteins, lipids, hormones and vitamins

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33
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge.

34
Q

platelet

A

small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin clotting process

35
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed; neutrophil

36
Q

prothrombin

A

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

37
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte.

38
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on RBCs of Rh-positive individuals.

39
Q

serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot.

40
Q

stem cell.

A

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized cells.

41
Q

thrombin

A

emzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.

42
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet.

43
Q

bas/o

A

base

44
Q

chrom/o

A

color

45
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

46
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

47
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

48
Q

erythr/o

A

red

49
Q

granul/o

A

granules

50
Q

hem/o

A

blood

51
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

52
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

53
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

54
Q

leuk/o

A

white

55
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

56
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

57
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

58
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

59
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

60
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

61
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

62
Q

sider/o

A

iron

63
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

64
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

65
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, carrying away

66
Q

-blast

A

immature cell, embryonic

67
Q

cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells

68
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

69
Q

-gen

A

giving rise to; producing

70
Q

-globin

A

protein

71
Q

-globulin

A

protein

72
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

73
Q

-oid

A

derived from or originating from

74
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

75
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

76
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

77
Q

-philia

A

attraction for

78
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

79
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

80
Q

-stasis

A

stop, control

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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