Chapter 7

Question 1

Urge and Urge and Urge, always the procreant urge of the world. Out of the dimness opposite equals advance, always substance and increase, always sex, always distinction

Answer 1

Walt Whitman

Question 2

Fertiliation is not a moment or an event but a process of carefully orchestrated and coordinated events, including the contact and fusion of gametes, the fusion of pronuclei, and the activation of development. It is a process whereby two cells, each at the verge of _______ to create a new organism that will have numerous cell types and organs. It is just the beginning of a series of cell-cell interactions that characterize animal development

Answer 2

verge of death, unite

Question 3

_______: The fusion of two sex cells to form a new genetically unique individual

Answer 3

fertilization

Question 4

Fertilization accomplishes two major goals:

Answer 4

1) sexual recombination
2) reproduction

Question 5

_______: combines genetic information from both parents in a new way

Answer 5

sexual recombination

Question 6

_______: creates a new organism

Answer 6

reproduction

Question 7

Fertilization proceeds through 4 major events:
1) _______ and recognition between sperm
2) _______ of sperm entry into oocyte
3) _______of genetic material contributed by sperm and egg
4) _______ of metabolism within the egg to begin development

Answer 7

1) contact
- ensures that only one species is involved
2) regulation
- ensures only 1 sperm is allowed in
3) fusion
4) activation

Question 8

Sperm are produced through the modificatino of a germ-line cell:
1) virtually all _______ is lost
2) _______ condenses into a very compact form
3) a single ______ is produced

Answer 8

1) cytoplasm
2) nucleus
3) flagella

Question 9

What are the 3 regions of a sperm?

Answer 9

1) head region
2) midpiece
3) tail

Question 10

Head region:
Acrosomal vesicle sac of enzymes that digest _______ and _______

Answer 10

proteins and sugars

Question 11

In the head region, the nucleus is _______ and _______, surrounded by very little cytoplasm

Answer 11

compact
haploid

Question 12

Midpiece:
_______ organize and orient microtubules of the Axoneme

Answer 12

centriole

Question 13

Midpiece:
_______: central core of microtubules in flagella

Answer 13

axoneme

Question 14

Midpiece:
Multiple _______ are arranged in rings around the axoneme and surrounded by a tough sheath

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

Tail:
single _______ to provide movement. Whips _______ and _______

Answer 15

flagellum
- eukaryotic flagella whip back and forth

Question 16

What is the difference between egg and oocyte?

Answer 16

• egg is gamete capable of binding sperm
• oocyte is developing egg that isnt ready for fertilization

Question 17

Unlike sperm, eggs accumulate large volumes of _______

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

Eggs contain:
1) _______ nutritive and energy supply
2) _______, which allow large burst of protein synthesis immediately following fertilization
3) _______ which provide early instructions for egg development, thousands of _______ stored in some species
4) _______ direct early differentiation, often sequestered in different regions of cytoplasm
5) _______ act as UV filters, DNA repair enzymes, antibodies, distasteful compounds

Answer 18

1) proteins
2) ribosomes and tRNA’s
3) mRNA’s
4) morphogenic factors
5) protective chemicals

Question 19

Depending on the species, the egg may or may not have completed _______ prior to sperm entry

Answer 19

meiosis II

Question 20

_______ finished all stages prior to sperm entry, while _______ egg remains in metaphase of meiosis II until sperm entry, then meiosis completes just prior to fusion of male and female pronuclei

Answer 20

Sea urchin
Human